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Chemistry.docx....Chemistry.docx, Exams of Nursing

University of CambridgeNursing

Chemistry.docx....Chemistry.docx

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Chemistry-1 EXAM REVIEW
mass - correct answer the amount of matter in an object
volume - correct answer the amount of space occupied by an object
extensive property - correct answer a property that depends on the amount of
matter in a sample
intensive property - correct answer a property that depends on the type of matter in
a sample, not the amount of matter
substance - correct answer Matter that has a uniform and definite composition
physical property - correct answer a quality or condition of a substance that can be
observed or measured without changing the substance's composition
solid - correct answer of definite shape and volume
liquid - correct answer a substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape
but a fixed volume
gas - correct answer the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid
states by: relatively low density and viscosity
vapor - correct answer matter that exists in the gas state but is generally a liquid or
solid at room temperature
Physical change - correct answer a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to
another without a change in chemical composition
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Chemistry-1 EXAM REVIEW

mass - correct answer the amount of matter in an object volume - correct answer the amount of space occupied by an object extensive property - correct answer a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample intensive property - correct answer a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter substance - correct answer Matter that has a uniform and definite composition physical property - correct answer a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition solid - correct answer of definite shape and volume liquid - correct answer a substance in the fluid state of matter having no fixed shape but a fixed volume gas - correct answer the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity vapor - correct answer matter that exists in the gas state but is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature Physical change - correct answer a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition

mixtures - correct answer a physical combination of substances that can still be seperated heterogeneous mixture - correct answer a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout homogeneous mixture - correct answer a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout solution - correct answer a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances phase - correct answer (physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system filtration - correct answer the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture distillation - correct answer the process of purifying a liquid by boiling it and condensing its vapors element - correct answer any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter compound - correct answer a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds chemical change - correct answer a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter chemical symbol - correct answer a one or two letter representation of an element

Nucleus - correct answer the center of an atom Atomic Number - correct answer the order of an element in Mendeleyev's table of the elements Mass Number - correct answer the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Isotopes - correct answer atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons Atomic Mass Unit (amu) - correct answer 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom Atomic Mass - correct answer (chemistry) the mass (in atomic mass units) of an isotope of an element Periodic Table - correct answer an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group Period - correct answer a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table group - correct answer Vertical column of elements in the periodic table Energy Levels - correct answer the fixed energies an electron can have quantum - correct answer the amount of energy needed to move an electron from one energy level to another quantum mechanical model - correct answer the modern description of the electrons in atoms

atomic orbital - correct answer a region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron Aufbau Principle - correct answer an electron occupies the lowest-energy orbital that can receive it Pauli Exclusion Principle - correct answer an atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons, each with opposite spin direction Hund's Rule - correct answer electrons occupy orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number or electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible Amplitude - correct answer the height of a wave's crest wavelength - correct answer The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum. frequency - correct answer the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time Hertz - correct answer The SI unit of cycles per second Electromagnetic radiation - correct answer radiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an electric charge spectrum - correct answer colored band produced when a beam of light passes through a prism atomic emission spectrum - correct answer the pattern formed when light passes through a prism or diffraction grating to separate it into the different frequencies of light it contains

Representative Elements - correct answer groups of elements in the modern periodic table that are designated with an A (1a through 8a) and possess a wide range of chemical and physical properties Transition Metal - correct answer An Element in group 3 through 12 of the periodic table Inner Transition Metal - correct answer an element in the lanthanide or actinide series; the highest occupied s sublevel and nearby f sublevel of its atoms generally contain electrons; also called inner transition element Atomic Radius - correct answer one-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element when the atoms are joined Cation - correct answer a positively charged ion Anion - correct answer a negatively charged ion ionization energy - correct answer the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom of an element Electronegativity - correct answer The ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a compound Valence Electrons - correct answer the electrons that are in the highest energy level of an atom and that are involved in chemical reactions Octet Rule - correct answer States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons Halide Ions - correct answer the ions that are produced when atoms of chlorine and other halogens gain electrons

Ionic Bonds - correct answer electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds Chemical Formula - correct answer shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms Formula Unit - correct answer the lowest whole-number ratio of ions in an ionic compound Coordination Number - correct answer the number of ions of opposite charge that surround each ion in a crystal Metallic bonds - correct answer consist of the attraction of the free-floating valence electrons for the positively charged metal ions Alloys - correct answer mixtures composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal Covalent Bond - correct answer a bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons Molecule - correct answer two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds Diatomic Molecule - correct answer a molecule consisting of two atoms molecular compound - correct answer a compound composed of molecules molecular formula - correct answer a chemical formula of a molecular compound single covalent bond - correct answer two atoms held together by sharing a pair of electrons