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Child Development and Guidance Study Questions
- Children develop holistically, which means that: children's development in each domain influences and is influenced by their development in all the other domains
- All children: follow the same sequence of development but proceed at their own individual rate
- Orderly, predictable sequences of change occur in domains of chil- dren's development: all
- missing an optimal period for learning and development in a domain: makes development in that domain more difficult and may prevent the child from reaching the level of competency in this area that he might have reached if his development had not been delayed 5. Children's ability to relate to and interact with other people is a part of their development: social
- Managing and expressing feelings is part of children's develop- ment: emotional 7. Which of the following are part of physical development? I. brain development
II. sensory awareness III. small motor skills IV. perceptual development V. coordination of muscle groups VI. large motor skills: I, II, III, IV, V, VI
- Cognitive development refers to: how children come to know and understand the world 9. Language development includes I. understanding what others say or sign II. written language III. spoken language IV. coordination of muscle groups V. sign language: I, II, III, V 10. Which of the following are part of cognitive development? I. solving problems II. ability to express emotions III. reasoning IV. coordination of muscle groups V. thinking: I, III, V
I. failure to respond to voices II. the child feels unusually stiff when held III. inability to track objects with the eyes IV. persistent ear infections V. the child feels unusually floppy when held VI. true loss of developmental skills: I, II, III, IV, V, VI 20.In the section, "Developmental Concerns" Marny Helfrich states that when told that their child may have a developmental challenge, most parents: ap- preciate the caregiver's concern and insight
21. Which of the following is the single most powerful stimulator for infants' development? A. playing with other children B. watching other children C. hearing adults talk to them D. trust: D. trust 22.The sense of object permanence means that the child realizes that: objects and people continue to exist even when the infant cannot see them 23.Most children have a secure sense of object permanence by: 18 months
of age 24.Infants who receive prompt, consistent, appropriate responses from their caregivers: feel secure 25.Toddlers' use of the word "no": is a symbol of their emerging power as an independent individual 26.Helping toddlers develop a sense of time: helps them learn self-control 27.Toddlers: are often too busy taking care of their own needs to understand sharing 28.The type of play that is most typical for two and three year olds is: parallel play 29.to promote children's language development, the best time for adults to begin talking to children is: from birth 30.A toddler serving of grains, fruits, or vegetables is: from 1/4 to 1/2 cup
31. Which of the following are ways to help toddlers develop their indepen- dence? I. When something must be done, give them a choice about when or how it is done II. Ask them "would you like to..." questions, even when they don't really have a choice
I. draw clear, bold lines with confidence II. copy a circle from a drawing of a circle III. draw a human figure showing a head, torso, arms, hands, legs, and feet IV. do simple puzzles V. build stable nine - or ten - block towers: I, II, IV, V
38. During the early preschool period, children are typically I. curious II. fearful of new experiences III. eager to learn new words IV. unaware of their own emotions V. happy and fun to be with: I, III, V 39. Most young preschoolers I. have a clear understanding that in counting, each number must be matched with one and only one object II. can answer "what" questions about familiar things III. can identify the different object when given two objects that are alike and one that is different IV. know their own name, age, and gender V. have some sense of today, yesterday, and tomorrow: II, III, IV, V
40.Periods of disequilibrium in preschoolers' development are typically the result of: growth changes 41.Adults' best response to children's stuttering is to: ignore the stuttering and pay close attention to what the child is saying
42. During the early preschool period, I. aggressive behavior is more common than during the toddler period II. children interact best in groups of three or four III. children enjoy opportunities to help perform meaningful tasks IV. group pretend play is very important V. children's talk is increasingly directed toward adults rather than other children: III, IV 43. Four-year-olds typically have I. good large-muscle control II. a desire to move fast and go far III. strong upper leg muscles Iv. poor body awareness V. poor balance and coordination: I, II, III 44. Four-year-olds typically
inter- actions: They tend to get along better in groups of two
50. Which of the following describes four-year-olds' emotional development? I. enthusiastic II. capable of sharing III. self-assured IV. prone to fears V. intense: I, II, III, IV, V 51.Most year olds can print their first name: five and a half 52. Most five year olds I. understand past and future II. know the days of the week III. can tell time accurately using an analog clock (clock with hands) IV. can sort objects by size V. can count 50 or more objects: I, II, IV 53. Most five year olds A. are developmentally ready to accomplish most academic tasks B. may become intensely frustrated when pushed to do academic work C. generally prefer academic tasks to activities that involve exploration
D. are seldom frustrated by adults' unrealistic expectations: may become in- tensely frustrated when pushed to do academic work 54.Most children have established a dominant hand by y ears of age: five and a half
55. Most five year olds A. aren't ready for games with rules B. enjoy games with rules whether they win or lose C. are beginning to learn to play games with rules D. are able to consistently follow the rules when playing games: are beginning to learn to play games with rules 56.Guidance is: helping children learn to control their behavior and make their own decisions 57. Which of the following are means of direct guidance? I. speaking distinctly to children II. alternating active and quiet play periods during the day III. planning children's days in advance IV. getting on children's eye level when speaking with them V. moving about among the children VI. providing interesting activities for children: I, IV, V
63. Which of the following is the best choice for promoting problem solving by the child rather than a dependence on adults to solve problems? A. substitution B. positive reinforcement C. active listening D. extinction: active listening 64.Self-concept is: a person's view of himself or herself 65. Which of the following help build a child's self-esteem? I. understanding how children think II. giving children a voice in planning III. calling each by name IV. lowing children to make mistakes without penalty V. noticing things that are important to children: I, II, III, IV, V 66.The main function of a schedule is to: list the general categories of activities planned for the day, when each will occur, and how long each will last 67. A good schedule I. includes blocks of time for both active and quiet play II. considers children's needs first
III. must always be followed exactly with no alterations IV. helps ensure that activities the teacher wants to do during the day will actually happen V. helps ensure that children won't become overtired or hungry: I, II, IV, V 68.When planning a daily schedule for young children, which of the following should be considered the cornerstones of the children's day around which other activities should be scheduled?: snacks, meals, and nap times
69. When altering the usual schedule for a special activity, which of the follow- ing should remain the same? A. child-initiated activities B. snacks, meals, and nap times C. outdoor play time D. individualized teaching: snacks, meals, and nap times 70.The most important purpose of a schedule is to: meet children's needs 71.Children feel when routines stay the same day after day: secure 72.During the toilet routine, children should wash their hands: after using the toilet 73. Which of the following are true about routine activities at an early
III. encourage pleasant conversation while children eat IV. allow children to serve themselves V. correct children's table manners as children eat VI. use child-sized furniture and utensils: I, III, IV, VI
76. Which is the best choice for the last activity of the day? A. read the children their favorite story B. an activity the children can easily leave, such as outdoor play or indoor dancing C. clean up toys D. circle time: B. an activity the children can easily leave, such as outdoor play or indoor dancing 77. Which of the following are appropriate parts of resting and sleeping rou- tines? I. have children go to the bathroom just before nap time II. have children's cots ready for them before naptime III. schedule nap times before children get too tired IV. play calming music as children go to sleep V. allow children to get up whenever they wake up: I, II, III, IV, V 78.Young children's resistance to adults' directions: Is a necessary step
as children learn to act independently
79. Which of the following is NOT recommended to help children cooperate with change? A. repeat the direction several times in rapid succession B. make sure that the children know what the new activity is and where it will take place C. give children reasons for sudden or unexpected change D. involve children in the change process: A. repeat the direction several times in rapid succession 80.During a transition between activities, the attention of the teacher in charge should be on: the children 81.In an early childhood program, curriculum includes: everything that is part of the children's day 82.Developmentally appropriate curriculum: sees children as individuals 83.The curriculum refers to unexpected opportunities for learning that just happen: spontaneous 84.Children need opportunities to develop in all domains: every day 85. Learning centers offer opportunities I. developing themes
V. involve information or concepts that children can test or experience: I, II, V
90. Each day children should be given opportunities to I. move from place to place II. select their own activities III. explore, create, and experiment IV. socialize with others V. play outdoors: I, II, III, IV, V 91.Having enough toys so that all children can play with what they wish: en- courages cooperative play 92. Toys for an early childhood program should I. be safe II. be easy to maintain III. actively involve the children IV. support program goals V. be nonviolent: I, II, III, IV, V
