Universal Access
Section 3
Standards-Based Instruction
494 Chapter 14
Standards at a Glance
The changes that came with the new
Industrial Revolution affected all aspects
of U.S. society. Students will now focus
on the growth of cities.
Section Focus Question
What were the causes and
effects of the rapid growth of
cities?
Write the Section Focus Question on the
board. (Lesson focus: Cities grew because jobs
in industry attracted people and technology
allowed cities to expand upward and outward.
Effects of the growth of cities included danger-
ous overcrowding and poor sanitation, as well
as improved leisure activities and public
spaces.)
Prepare to Read
Build Background
Knowledge
In this section students will read about the
period of urban growth that occurred
when industry and jobs drew people to the
cities. Ask students to think about reasons
that might cause a city to be attractive to
people. What job opportunities were possi-
ble only in urban centers? What kind of
excitement could cities offer? Use the
Think-Write-Pair-Share strategy (TE, p.
T39) to elicit responses.
Set a Purpose
■Read each statement in the Reading
Readiness Guide aloud. Ask students to
mark the statements true or false.
Teaching Resources, Unit 6,
Reading Readiness Guide, p. 50
■Have students discuss the statements in
pairs or groups of four, then mark their
worksheets again. Use the Numbered
Heads participation structure (TE, p.
T38) to call on students to share their
group’s perspectives. The students will
return to these worksheets later.
L1
English Language Learners
L1
Less Proficient Readers
L1
Special Needs
Using Suffixes Explain to students that
prefixes and suffixes can give clues to the
meaning of some words. Tell students that
the suffix -ization means “the process of
becoming.” Ask students to draw conclu-
sions about the meaning of the word
urbanization (the process of becoming urban).
Give students more words with the same
suffix, such as socialization and civilization.
Have students determine the meaning of
each word (the process of becoming social, the
process of becoming civilized). Make sure stu-
dents understand the meaning of these
words.
L2
L2
3
SECTION
494 Chapter 14 Industry and Urban Growth
Cities Grow and Change
H-SS 8.12.5 Examine the location
and effects of urbanization,
renewed immigration, and industri-
alization (e.g., the effects on social
fabric of cities, wealth and economic
opportunity, the conservation move-
ment).
Prepare to Read
Reading Skill
Use Latin Word Origins Latin
roots can be paired with differ-
ent prefixes or suffixes to create
related words. For example, the
root port means “carry.” Paired
with the prefix sub-, meaning
“beneath,” it is the root of the
English word support, meaning
“carry from beneath.” Paired
with the prefix im-, meaning “in
or toward,” it is the root of the
English word import, meaning
“carry into.” As you read, look
for examples of words that share
a Latin root.
E-LA Reading 8.1.2
Vocabulary Builder
High-Use Words
accelerate, p. 495
clinic, p. 496
Key Terms and People
urbanization, p. 494
suburb, p. 495
tenement, p. 496
Jane Addams, p. 496
settlement house, p. 496
Background Knowledge You have seen how American
industry boomed in the late 1800s. In this section, you will learn how
the industrial age reshaped American cities.
Rapid Growth of Cities
“We cannot all live in cities,” wrote journalist Horace Greeley,
“yet nearly all seem determined to do so.” Greeley was describing the
growth of American cities in the late 1800s.
Urbanization The rate of urbanization was astonishing.
Urbanization is the rapid growth of city populations. In 1860, only
one American in five was a city dweller. By 1890, one in three lived
in a city. For the first time, the United States had cities the sizes of
London and Paris.
The reason for this rapid urbanization was simple. Cities
attracted industry, and industry attracted people. Farmers, immi-
grants, and African Americans from the South all migrated to cities in
search of jobs and excitement.
Many fast-growing cities were located near waterways. New
York and San Francisco had excellent ocean harbors. Chicago rose on
the shores of Lake Michigan. Cities near waterways drew industry
because they provided easy transport for goods.
Main Idea
Industrialization, migration,
and technology all contributed
to the growth of American cities.
Use Latin Word Origins
Use the Latin root tract,
meaning “pull or drag,” to
define the word attracting. Then,
name at least one other related
word that shows the influence of
this root.
Answer
Reading Skill Possible answers:
Attracting means pulling or drawing to
itself or oneself; tractor, distract, retract
ssachCH14.book Pa ge 494 Wednesday, February 23, 2005 4:11 P M
