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Civil Engineering – Chapter 5 (Transportation
Engineering) well reviewed by BRIAN FOR AN A+ GRADE
both Questions & Answers(2025-2026)
What is transportation engineering? Branch of civil engineering dealing with planning, design, and operation of transport systems. What are the main modes of transportation? Road, rail, air, water, and pipelines. What is a highway? A road designed for public transportation of vehicles. What is highway engineering? Study of design, construction, and maintenance of roads. What is pavement? Layered structure supporting traffic loads. What are types of pavements? Flexible and rigid pavements. What is flexible pavement? Pavement made of bituminous materials. What is rigid pavement? Pavement made of cement concrete. What is subgrade? Natural soil layer supporting pavement. What is sub-base? Layer between subgrade and base course.
What is base course? Layer that distributes loads to subgrade. What is wearing course? Top layer of pavement. What is camber? Slope provided for drainage. What is gradient? Slope of road surface. What is superelevation? Banking of road at curves. Why is superelevation provided? To counteract centrifugal force. What is traffic engineering? Study of traffic flow and control. What is traffic volume? Number of vehicles passing a point. What is traffic density? Number of vehicles per unit length. What is traffic flow? Movement of vehicles on road. What is congestion? Overcrowding of traffic. What is intersection? Meeting point of two roads. What is roundabout? Circular intersection for traffic flow.
What is CBR? California Bearing Ratio test. What is wheel load? Load exerted by vehicle wheels. What is axle load? Load transmitted by vehicle axle. What is traffic load? Total load from moving vehicles. What is fatigue in pavement? Damage due to repeated loading. What is rutting? Depression in road surface. What is cracking? Breaks in pavement surface. What is pothole? Hole formed in road surface. What is road maintenance? Repairing and preserving roads. What is preventive maintenance? Maintenance before failure. What is corrective maintenance? Repair after damage occurs. What is railway engineering? Study of railway systems. What is rail track? Structure for train movement.
What is gauge? Distance between rails. What are types of gauges? Broad, meter, and narrow gauge. What is sleeper? Support for rails. What is ballast? Crushed stone under railway track. What is rail? Steel bar forming track. What is turnout? Arrangement for changing tracks. What is railway station? Stop for passengers and goods. What is train? Vehicle running on rails. What is locomotive? Engine pulling train. What is derailment? Train leaving track. What is signaling system? System controlling train movement. What is air transport? Movement through aircraft. What is airport? Facility for aircraft operations.
What is inland water transport? Transport on rivers and lakes. What is pipeline transport? Movement of fluids through pipes. What is oil pipeline? Pipe carrying petroleum. What is gas pipeline? Pipe carrying natural gas. What is urban transport? Transport within cities. What is public transport? Shared transportation system. What is bus rapid transit? High-speed bus system. What is metro rail? Urban electric rail system. What is traffic signal? Device controlling traffic flow. What are signal colors? Red, yellow, green. What is green wave? Signal coordination for smooth flow. What is traffic capacity? Maximum vehicles a road can handle. What is level of service? Measure of traffic performance.
What is road geometry? Design of road alignment. What is horizontal alignment? Road layout in plan view. What is vertical alignment? Road profile design. What is curve in road? Change in road direction. What is super elevation formula used for? Design of road curves. What is sight distance? Distance visible to driver. What is stopping sight distance? Distance needed to stop vehicle. What is overtaking sight distance? Distance needed to pass vehicle. What is drainage in roads? Removal of water from surface. What is culvert? Structure allowing water passage. What is bridge drainage? System removing water from bridge. What is bridge? Structure crossing obstacles. What are types of bridges? Beam, arch, suspension, cable-stayed.
What is space mean speed? Average speed over distance. What is time mean speed? Average speed over time. What is headway? Time between vehicles. What is gap? Distance between vehicles. What is pedestrian? Person walking on road. What is pedestrian crossing? Designated crossing area. What is zebra crossing? Striped pedestrian crossing. What is traffic island? Raised area dividing traffic. What is median? Divider between lanes. What is carriageway? Part of road for vehicles. What is shoulder in road? Edge area for emergency use. What is pavement marking material? Paint or thermoplastic. What is road friction? Resistance between tire and road.
What is skid resistance? Ability to prevent slipping. What is vehicle dynamics? Study of vehicle motion. What is braking distance? Distance needed to stop vehicle. What is reaction time? Driver response time. What is highway alignment? Route design of road. What is road inventory? Collection of road data. What is traffic census? Counting vehicles on road. What is origin-destination study? Study of travel patterns. What is trip generation? Number of trips produced. What is trip distribution? Flow of trips between zones. What is modal split? Choice of transport mode. What is traffic forecasting? Prediction of traffic flow. What is intelligent transport system? Technology-based traffic control.
What is lane discipline? Proper use of traffic lanes. What is road capacity reduction? Decrease in traffic flow ability. What is pavement failure? Breakdown of road structure. What is environmental impact of roads? Effect on environment. What is sustainable transport? Eco-friendly transportation system.
