Civilization (World History), Cheat Sheet of History

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Civilization

by

nutuwit

188syge]

5125/mens'

UW

Y2K

diww

way

I

cry

tot

Outline

& Timeline

Pre-historic

period

Paleolithic

Age

(B.C.2.Sm

B. C.10k)

Neolithic

B. C. B. C.

B. C. B. C.

B. C. B.

C.

B.

C.

B. C. B.C. B.C.

B. C. B.C. B.C.

i ↑M

~ 2.5M

m sook 250K

200-150K 10K 11.5k

10k 18K-8K 3k-1.2k

1.5k

family:

tribe:

the

first the use Home

Home

Rock

Earth:

they're

Agricultural

Bronze Itoe

Hominidae Homining

emergence migrating

of fire

sapiens

sapiens

paintings

warmer

everywhere

Revolution

Age

Age

of human

group sapiens

&

San

B.C.

[@Africa]

(HOMD

Bustmen

ak -1.2k

erectus]

(South Africa]

Civilization

writing system

The

Emergence

of Human

·

Evolution

(Charles Darwin]

·

natural

selection

-backbone

~

monkey/lemut

·

Thuman-es.

chimps

superfamily

· X

=

1.8 cevolves: 7 million

years (Hominoideal

subfamily

·

Africa

B.C. million

Homininaes

B. C. 2. millish

Iribe

Evolutionfrom Hominids

to Humans CHomininis

·

spines

(backbones:

straight

B. C. 4 million

·

Pelvises:charrow). Arms:

a shorts

·

Brains:

(biggers. Body

hairs:a

Australopithecines simple

stone tools lists

·

Communication:

·

Pain

bonding:

southern

ape

many

bipedal?

·

Tools:celaborated)

·

Vocal: Home habilis brain

upright

(walks

skillful humans

searching

forfood:

sophistix

Why

Humans are

unique?

Home erectus tools diverse

&

big)

B.C. 1.1m

·

adaption:biological

natural

selection

cupright

human

Africa

Asia/Europe

cast,

culture

technology

Homo

sapiens

B. C.

250K

·

creativity:

to

change/control

environment Homo

sapiens

sapiens

direct ancestors

everywhere

·

leaking

&

sharing:

precision

&

in

detail swise wise humans

~

modern human

cist,

B. C. 10k

collective

memory

"after one

dies B. C.

200-158K

interbleeding/B.C.

10k Africa

·

symbolic languages:

concrete/abstract

· brain: size

how it is

organized.

2

Paleolithic

Age

or "Old

Stone

Age"

·

B. C. 2.5M

10,

·

cycles

of

Be

ages

·

stone tools

e.g.

hammer/speak

·

nohuman

populations:

small

·

fotagets gather

a hunt

· small

family-sized groups:

biw 10-

&

learning

to work

·

lifestyles:

follow

migration

together

to survive

&

eegeekcycles knowledge

of environment &

wide

range

of skills

large

territory

·

which

plants

to eat

and whichanimals

to hunt how

·

spirated

kits

hunting

fishing

use

technology

to

adapt

to

de

environments

digging/carrying

Pre-historic

period

2 Neolithic

Age

of

"New Stone

Age"

·

the

division of labor

·

Origin

of

power

inhuman societies

·

diverse

occupations

· consensual

power

from

below)

·

social hierarchies commonners

choose leaders

[leaders, protectors

vs.

commoners,

subjects),

coercive

power

from above

· Mei vs.

Women leaders

impose

rules;

sufficient

mein

dominant role control overresources

the

patriarchy

society:

men*

·

Late Neolithic

Period

·

Early

Neolithic Period

·

the

pace

of

change

varied from

region

·

access to resources,

energy

& to

region

(first times

safer

lifestyles

·

emergence

of towns

·

human

populations

nearlat trade routes

new

technologies

·

agriculture

self-sustaining

access to water (better

·

same

economic

level sizes of houses

·

power

& hierarchical structures (B.C.

5,000)

& wealth tombs

·

size

& wealth of tombs

·

possessions

and

styles

of households

·

origin

of

power

in human societies

3

Bronze

Age

·

B.C. 3000-

·

durability

&

practical

use

·

·

significant

changes

in

the late Neolithic

copper:

first metal

to be used

·

artisans

metal-bearing

rocks

·

copperttin

Bronze (after

B. C.

5,

solid

liquid;

containers (molds

weapons.

Bronze iron

"Non

Age"

Civilization

·

writing system

.

C.1000-1,

·

civilization

I

·

the

beginning

of historical

period

·

complex

culture: share common elements

·

more

complex

and advanced societies

·

culture:

customs, arts,

social institutions, beliefs,

me

·

some

few areas:

center

of

civilization

and other

intellectual achievements

·

complicated writing

system:

literatures

·

Why

civilization

began

in some

areas?

·

impressive

artistic and intellectual activities

·

Past

·

More

recently e.g.

architectural

structures,

monuments,

etc...

biological

racial 2) supportive

natural distinct

&

complicated religious

structures

theories SOMe

conditions

·

innovation, urbanfocus:cities

races:more capable

all earliest

civilizations

·

political

&

military

structures

2. cultural values of

developed

in

a river

·

social

hierarchy

economic

power

resident

population

valley

ofon a

flood diverse classes &

occupations

plain

of

big

river

system

variety

of

productions

and

products

·

Mesopotamia

Tigris

&

Euphrates

·

How earliest civilization

emerged?

·

India

Indus&Ganga

·

correctness

of

agriculture

irrigation

system

·

China yellow

·

agriculture

surplus

ex

-nee

·

Peru

Supe

·

division

of

Aory-productsy,

trade wealth

·

Egypt

Nile

·

villages

towns

cities

·

protection

&

city's

walls, armies,

management

ruling class,

government

Civilization

·

success

of humans

in the river

valleys. Foragers

& Nomads

·

secrets

of

cultivating

food

crops

·

impossible

population parcels

in the

right

place

of

unoccupied

lands

putrients in

the soil

·

agrarian

society

human

community

·

large-scale irrigation

systems

small

foraging

communities

control water max

the

produces nomads,

semi-nomads,

pastoralist

mobilize

sufficient labor forconstruction

family

and tribal units

·

enduring process

of

developments spart-time

sedentary

·

io

relocation

development

of urban

settlements & cultures

S

-Yetoric

prod

Neolithic

Age

c.C.

10, ODD

Paleolithic

Age

(B.C.

2,500,

10,000)

Bronze

Age

(.

(.

1,

B.

C.2.5M the

emergence

of human

Australopithecines

stone tools

arly

Neolithic Neolithic Revolution

CB.2. K-5K) (Agriculture

Revolution (

Home habilis

fotaging

agriculture

self-sustain

nomadic

lifestyles

& animal domestication

belief

system

shaman human

population

Home

erectus B.C. 1.7M complicated

tool kits

access to resources

first

migrating groups

same

economic level:

tombs

shelters CaVeS

community

village

safer

lifestyles

B.

C.500K

the

use

of fire

cooked food

ate Neolithic

community

village

towi

technologies

(source

of

light,

B. (.5kak)

c neartrade

routes

B.C.250K Home

sapiens

new

technology

water

B.

C. 200K

150k Homo

sapiens

sapiens

power

& hierarchical structures

Home

sapiens

B.C.

20K

spread

outside Africa

·

Eve:

power

from above

I

Argentinal

(B.(.3k 1.2k)

I

it oh

energy

sapiens

·

Gesual:

power

from below

B.

C. San Bushmen (@South

Africal

size

and wealth

of tombs

B.C.17K

Lascaux

Cave (&Southwestern styles

of households

B.C.11.5K

Earth:warmer

France) divisionof

labor

B. C. 10K Humans ate everywhere

the

pace

of

change

varied

&. C.9k

Cuevas de

las Manos

Bronze

Age

coppert

tim=

bronze

Greece VS.

Romat

·

Indo-European (Steppes

·

Indo-European

·

Mountains:

isolate/separate

path/arable

land

·

Apennines:

lowerless

rocky

-> divide

agriculture

·

Sea: Medittertanian charitime routes

·

Rome

->

center/strategic

Crossroads

CEWSNSS

make

contact/spread

power

·

Tiber River:access

to the

sea/safe/crossing

Mycenean Early Rome/

Estotyeas

(

Illiad)

(Indo-Europeans

a

fortress, loosely

bond

Monarchy

·

sap

of

Goddess Venus and a

prince

of

Troy

downfall, earthquakes/attack (Latin

speakers

order of

God:

settlement

in Rome

insecute

(Indo-European

·

RomacTrojan)=>1)

Greek cheroics

• Romans

Dark

Age

population

I

knowledged

food

(Indo-european

&

Remus:Latium

plain

Migration (Aegean

Seal Asia Minor

·

twin sons

of Mars (warl and a

princess

Phoenician

Phonecian

alphabets

·

regained

the throne

found

city

of Rome

(semitics

2

epics:

Iliad

&Odyssey

(Homet)

·

pot

of Rome (Bronze

Ages

pastoral

Coral

tradition/history?

·

hut settlement

villages, kingdom

che: heroes/family

& friends/hopor

·

seven

kings,

building

program

v

bravery

cot)/

loyalty

& HH

(I)

Roman

m

of

gement:

commonwealth

Archaic

Age

urbanized life cisty/Polis:citadel republic

·

supreme

authority:

people

city-states)

·

rural farmers

tribute conqallItaly

acropolis

->

assembly

cactivities

·

core

v:

discipline,persistence, courage e

Pical

system=>1) tocracy

·

system

of

federation

Aligarchy

democracy

⑧

alwerial

expon

other

parts)

large polis

I

&

nee

agri surplus

Polis

I

·

had been

threatened from

otherLatin

middle class/commoners

alliance

local affairs

·

distribution

of

power

citizenship

firm &

cruelty

rewarding system

tyrant:

over

throw other's

power

persisting

armies

ship

-> some

rights

establishing

firm control

11

&

(

):

v2)f

=

3)slaves/aliens fortified towns

strategic

locations

military system

replace

aristocrats, creads to these settlements

& Romes

are:

Orderly

as

equal

here

Roads: military/communication

Smilitary/elighty

stone slabs/smooth

surface/strong

·

I:freedom=> estate/households

He

Magites=>CED

elections

·

30+ vate/z

kings

male citizens

consuls:administration/armies/vetor

pair

·

ephors

=>smenceducationconducti

practors:

civil law scheif

judicials

&

say

"no"to the outside world

administrative officials:

specialized

Athens =>

democracy

Sate

=>

Upper

Assembly/

influential

·

Monarchial aristocratic

tyrant

·

300

men (life/selected advice

·

Solon:

debF/slaves/participation

Plebians vs.

Patricians clower vs.

upper

·

Cleisthenes:council of sop/law

voting

·

plutocracy

wealths

.

nobles/landowner

real

authority/father

·

peasant/artisan

· election

Greek

expansion

carable

land)

·

election X

v

·

military

&

religious

Persians vs. Greeks

&

very

few

rights

· "the centuries of

·

defensive

Sparta

alliances

fight

assembly"

· Pelian

League

(Athens)

struggle

of plebians

rebuilding

program/allies

tribute

Athens

·

assembly.

law:

marriage-PlexPatri

·

consuls

right

to

pass

law

·

intermarriage

=>

new

aristocracy

The

Age

of

Athens

=>

Democracy

cgee

the

Mediterrace

at

the

Athenian Empire

assembly:

all of18+

-golden agel

·

lower-class

government

officials

southern

Spain,

Sardinia,Corsica,

Silicy]

·

public meeting

Acropolis (days)

he Punic

Wars

masterof Mediterranean

-nee

Hellenic

Age

·

salary/public

affairs

·

Rome vs. Hellenistic

World, Romer

·

aristocrats

->

most

important

offices

Ratexpat

sick

afactor

a

decent

cal Writing, being

dated *

·

Herodotus: Persian war

?

·

Petrayal:

declar wars defensives

·

Thucydides:Peloponnesian

war

y

·

later

-> territorial

expansion

economic

·

prose:

factual

report.

Istoria slave

labors

glory-powerf

-metamas

Humanism

competition

but noble families

·

religious tragedies

-me

of "the Roman

Repic"

·

god/fateldilemmal

minds ·

internal

stability

d

·

farmer- soldier

Gal

Art

harmony/balance

·

military operations,

unemployment

·

ifeal:

too

beautiful to be real

·

senator-> lands slave

labors

·

inequality

·

elevate

human's emotion

·

civil wars

·

untest

·

e.g.

nude

-of

Julius Caesar 3-man

rule

·

hitecture arts

of westerin

·

military

generals

=>

personal

armies

·

three

important:

Crassus, Pompey,

Caesat

·

Potic/Ionic/corinthian

·

destroy

the balance of

power

republic

I

·

e.g. Open-air

hall we columns

·

dictatorship,

laws:

debtt,"s

estate

-eren

Acropolic

free,

land

distribution,

X

senatey,

senated

& hill of Athen

·

Egyptian

solarcalendar

Athena

(wisdom

wat

The Roman

Augutus=>Octorian

cists/ordinary

citizens

Assphy->

diverse/rational

Empire

·

imperial

state

·adoptive

son of J.C.

·

general

fundamental

questions cearly

·

senate= title

of

imperator/commander

(i.e. World, universe, human,

reasons

·

hold the

traditional offices of Roman

Repub

·

reasons/logical arguments

·

overruled

the senate uniform

imperial

·

escientific

approach

Claudian Pyaty (Augustus

·

Hippocrates

medicine

·

election:next four

imperators

·

Socrates

/

Plato/Pythagorus/Aristotle

· absolute monarch

tolerance

diplomacy

Relige

mass The

Bygoe

=>

imperial

command

·

majority: god/goddess

Ration

=> Culture force: center

·

Zeus in

Athena

(wisdom/war, Apollo

·

Roman

• free inhabitants

of

empire

Aphrodite cloves,

Poseidon

·

local elites self-romanization

sm/poverty

·

Ritual of Sacrifice:animal

·

civilized/fashionable

--

political power

·

oracle afemale

priest (Apollo/elphis

·

"Roman

Empire"

Senate:

·

dichotomy:

1. secular 2

religious noble/wealthy

families

"Pax Roman"

· dramatists

question

the role

of

gods?

·

rebellion

->

firm &

cruelty

no

mercy

·

philosophers

risk theirlives

·

Hadrian War Roman

Plyme=>

Worship

gods (yts) Virgil

=>

divine mission

to rule the

world

·

biw individuals diverse events

·

the Aeneid=

against

Homer's Illiad

·

wer:

herpes/patade/money

rent

·

bydevelopmentof

Real

Imperial

mindthe

·

all

Greeks were invited (polis

in

Greco-Roman"

·

political

harmony

shared

community

·

heavy

influence of the Greek civilization.

·

mnification

of Greeks (cultures

·

Greeks

arrived

Romans

(thought, practices

family

& Gender

&

Relationship

·

Greek

manuscripts/artwork

Rome

more reason

one

·

nuclear

family.

Monogamy

claws

·

slaves, tutors (sent son

to Athens,

·

o* Athens

FAthens:Athers

v

·

willing

transmitters of Greek

culture