Personal Jurisdiction in US Civil Law: Statutory Authorization and Constitutional Analysis, Lecture notes of Civil procedure

An in-depth analysis of personal jurisdiction in us civil law, focusing on statutory authorization and constitutional analysis. It covers topics such as calder tests, purposeful availment, minimum contacts, and constitutional standards for notice. The document also discusses various rules and procedures related to serving summonses and complaints.

Typology: Lecture notes

2011/2012

Uploaded on 09/21/2012

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Consent
Last day of Personal Jurisdiction
If you consented then no other analysis needs to be done.
By submitting to the jurisdiction of the court for the limited
purpose of challenging jurisdiction, the defendant agrees to
abide by the court’s determination on the issue of jurisdiction
In most circuits for Calder- The person has to be focusing on that state
in order for them to be sued in that state and the harm also has to be
felt there.
If there is a split depending on where it is led then discuss both of
them.
Statutory authorization of personal jurisdiction
Personal jurisdiction is not automatically conferred.
Each state must enact legislation allowing its courts to
exercise personal jurisdiction
Step 1: State Statutory Authorization of Personal Jurisdiction
PJ over people served in the state
PJ over domiciliaries of the state
In rem statute
Long arm statues- Main one to worry about-She will give it to
us
Goes to the full extent of Due process
enumerated list
literally construct it-have to t into a category
to go to full extent of due process
Step 2: Constitutional Analysis- 2 prong test
Purposeful Availment of Minimum
Contacts
Reasonableness
Flint v. Gust- Handout
Facts:
PL (Georgia resident) wanted to order a truck out of trader
magazine (published in Nebraska and mailed Georgia). PL
contacted the DF (who was in Wisconsin) and made an order.
The PL then sends a check for $6,000. DF then tried to give
him a truck that was not the one PL wanted. PL then requests
his money back. DF refused.
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Consent

Last day of Personal Jurisdiction

  • If you consented then no other analysis needs to be done.
  • By submitting to the jurisdiction of the court for the limited purpose of challenging jurisdiction, the defendant agrees to abide by the court’s determination on the issue of jurisdiction

In most circuits for Calder- The person has to be focusing on that state in order for them to be sued in that state and the harm also has to be felt there.

If there is a split depending on where it is filed then discuss both of them.

Statutory authorization of personal jurisdiction

  • Personal jurisdiction is not automatically conferred.
    • Each state must enact legislation allowing its courts to exercise personal jurisdiction

Step 1: State Statutory Authorization of Personal Jurisdiction

  • PJ over people served in the state
  • PJ over domiciliaries of the state
  • In rem statute
  • Long arm statues- Main one to worry about-She will give it to us - Goes to the full extent of Due process - enumerated list - literally construct it-have to fit into a category - to go to full extent of due process

Step 2: Constitutional Analysis- 2 prong test

Purposeful Availment of Minimum Contacts

Reasonableness

Flint v. Gust- Handout Facts:

  • PL (Georgia resident) wanted to order a truck out of trader magazine (published in Nebraska and mailed Georgia). PL contacted the DF (who was in Wisconsin) and made an order. The PL then sends a check for $6,000. DF then tried to give him a truck that was not the one PL wanted. PL then requests his money back. DF refused.
  • PL never received his check or his truck
  • DF advertised in Georgia and entered into a contract with a person in Georgia.
  • Specific jurisdiction, personal availment and minimum contacts.
  • Reasonableness-The PL stayed in his home state the whole time and made the deal there. The state has an interest as well. They need to be able to protect their citizens.
  • Long Arm Statue is to be interpreted so as to permit the exercise of jurisdiction over nonresident parties “to the maximum extent permitted by procedural due process”
  • Georgia Supreme Court found that there was no jurisdiction
  • Long arm statue was never fixed. Calder would not be able to be heard there.
  • New York Rule-a tort is deemed to have been committed within the state only if the tortious act or omission itself, and not merely the injury resulting therefrom occurred therein
  • Illinois Rule-an act or omission cannot become “tortious” until someone is injured. Because plaintiff was injured in Illinois, defendant committed a tortious act or omission there.

4K

  • Federal Courts-Authorization for personal jurisdiction
  • Must fall within one of the subparts in order to have personal jurisdiction 4ka
  • Most common-Start here then go to state statutory authorization then go to constitutional analysis
  • If state in which sits has personal jurisdiction 4k1b
  • On hold until next semester-served within 100 miles of the federal court house 4k1c
  • antitrust, bankruptcy, security, This are contacts with the U.S.

4k

  • has to be a federal law claim
  • if DF is not subject to Persona Jurisdiction in any state court
  • exercising jurisdiction is constitutional

If there is a personal jurisdiction issue in the federal court look at rule 4k.

  • Then to state statutory
    • In rem-loop in for state statutory-use it if person as property in the state and allows you to get out of the
  • The bank has to tell the people that have in interest in the trust that this is happening so they can tell the court about any mismanagement that has been going on.
  • Bank could not figure out who all needed to be notified because of future interest
  • Was notice by publication sufficient
  • The banks splits the beneficiaries in two groups
    • Known beneficiaries-names, addresses, etc
    • Unknown beneficiaries
  • There is a huge chance that you will not even see the add. Even if you live in the state and get the newspaper
  • For the unknown beneficiaries publication is enough
  • For known beneficiaries personal service of written notice within jurisdiction for notice is always adequate - At least as likely as mail to apprise them of it.
  • Constitutional Standard of notice
    • Reasonable calculated to apprise interested parties
    • Must convey required information
    • Afford a reasonable time for those interested to make their appearance
  • The court did not require that notice actually be received
    • Notice need only be “reasonably calculated” to apprise
    • If you send a certified mail and it was sent back then you know it was not received and you have to take additional steps
  • Publication in a newspaper and posting of notices near the property was insufficient if the DF’s name and address were easily ascertainable from public records

Rule 4

  • When servicing a summons you have to include the complaint (4c1)
  • Have summons filled out then the court signs and then seals it.
  • 41e tells DF what they need to do.
  • The summons has to be signed by the court because it gives the court state power over the DF
  • Form 3 pg 138 is a summons
  • Who is reasonable to have the summons and compliant served - PL has 120 days after complaint to serve-4m-if not - Must dismiss against prejudice against DF or - Against prejudice-means you can file the same lawsuit again. - With prejudice-means you can not file the same lawsuit again
  • Order service be made within specified time
  • PL must show good cause for failure-the court must extend time of service
  • If statue of limitations runs the same time as the 120 days
  • Some state that it has to filed in the court to satisfy the statue of limitations
  • Some state that a person has to be served satisfy the statue of limitations
  • Who can serve process
  • Over 18 and not a party
  • Attorney can’t do it because they are involved
  • Difference between serving a cooperation/actual person
  • Serving cooperation 4h
  • Serving someone in the US 4e
  • Serving United States 4I