Class 10 th short notes Life process, Summaries of Biology

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NOTES

CLASS 10 TH

- Life process

Autotrophic Nutrition (Plants)

Plants use Photosynthesis to prepare food

6CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ (Glucose) + 6 O₂ Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll, conversion of light energy to chemical energy, and reduction of CO2 to carbohydrates. Human nutrition involves a complex Alimentary Canal. Mouth: Salivary amylase breaks down starch Stomach : Gastric glands release HCl (acidic medium), Pepsin (digests protein), and Mucus (protects lining ) The "Site of Complete Digestion." It receives bile (from liver) and pancreatic juice. Villi increase the surface area for absorption Small intestine:

1. Respiration Aerobic: Occurs in the presence of O2 (in Mitochondria). Yields more energy. Anaerobic: Occurs in the absence of O (in Yeast or Muscle cells). Note: In muscles, lack of O_2 leads to Lactic Acid buildup, causing cramps.

1. In Plants Xylem: Phloem: Transports food (sucrose) from leaves to other parts (bidirectional) through Translocation.

The biological process involved in the removal of harmful metabolic wastes (like nitrogenous waste) from the body. Human Excretory System

The main organ is the Kidney, which contains

millions of filtration units called Nephrons.

Bowman’s Capsule: Filters blood under high pressure. Tubular Reabsorption: Useful substances like glucose, amino acids, and water are reabsorbed back into the blood. Diagram