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cemed Lipeprocesses:- The Basic and essential unctions /pracess Perf bifepree by living Gyganisms +o fraintain and sustain thelr life NUHIHGR:— “The process of obtaining and utilisation of food- (Respiration - Te process of breaking docon of food to obtain energy. (GRAREBETIAHON ¢- The process of transfer of substances from one part of the body to athe parts. 7" (ERGREHIATS— The process of removal of waste materials produced In eas! materials produced in the cells of the bedy. NUTRITION The a le makes econ aod el can nat make (0 synthesize) iis'o from ‘Simple inorganic materials. win food prom simple inorganic maverials- €q- Auman, cats, pangileech eb @q- Green plants , ciitotrophic bacteria HETROTROPHIC NUTRITION =n gaprophytic. Pavasitfe . anism ca! ime . Fj 7 aay 4 ; _ loraanisms peed on dead |eorqanisms obtain nutrition b 7 femal eet a is ongante ibing on (External paresitad — bei matter.” atin “(internal pavasite ) . 24, man bei :., “24. [argi honed the body of the another a saci moulds) all pe anism (host), often P mushvoor causing ‘harm te the host. = : Wee, leech »tapeworm cAseuta jose} : + cuscuty j ite ; it does ne Contain ela "PHOTOSYNTHESIS “The process by which reen plants make their own pood prom aarhondiaxide and ater by si t ; : cael pitapligie Ce IE PIEEDE opcierhie conditions nese or pholsyothes (@ sunlight {Hchlovophyll (c}Carbondioxide (| water + site of photosynthesis < acer (¢ present ‘See coloured evap nelle, called creeper e plait cells. The leaves ave green felouse aber ch an - lear inside «chlorophyll is present in which @) organ lle — clave plas 4 entess through stomata. Tiny pores present on the surface of ‘the leaves. wove: shen up by the “roots prom soil. . Me Acie is ala {n form of nitrates . Nitrogen ‘phosphorus. maqam and iron’ ave also taken. ‘oplasts. Day Time - Stomata remains closed tp conserve Water * Tn plants , s opel gure ie shoved In | Nighttime. stamsea Opens - Absorbs CO). the form of fac » In annals if is clored in the form oF q! yeogen. CO, taken at night used to prepare Glucose in daytime Activity 5.1& 5.2 WW eae water 2. Bolling alcohol Conclusion - Starch is present at y green sites only proving chlorophyll Removes colour of lect . 3 todine solution ( is essential for photosynthesis blue block colour with storch only on green sites Glass Jars eealed and kept In Sun 2.KOH In jar to absorb any Carbon dioxlde present fell ja 3. iodine Test for Starch Observation - No Biue black colour seen potassium hydroxide Conclusion + Carbon Dioxide is essential for Photosynthesis The pr of ATP is called Respisation. Breathing Aerobic Respi Oxygen Is required acess of breaking do = 5 n of food 4m wlease energy in osm Respiration a sing intense excercise smuscle Fpl convert. glucose te lactic acid for Quick energy. This tactic acid buildup causes fatigue and cramp in muscle. ‘Oxygen is noc required More energy produced Less energy produced Complete oxidation and breakdown of Incomplete oxidation and breakdown of glucose Oceurs In cytoplasm and mitochondria Occurs only in cytoplasm End products :CO, + H,0 ‘“Nostrils :/Alr enters the passage Nasal Passage : Have halrs lining Passage for filtration of afr + Passage lined with mucus. * Te trap dirt & dust & fittration of alr | Pharynx: Common passage for feodand alr | Larynx (volee-box) : Produces sound, ‘contains vocul cords Allows air to pass into the trachea, “Atveoll Alveot! are tiny, batloonvlike air sacs | “located at the end of bronchiotes. Thin- walled and molst for easy gas diffusion. Surrounded by a network of blood capillaries. They are the site of gas ‘exchange in the lungs. Each lung contains millions of alveoli, providing a large surtace area for efficient diffusion, End products: CO, + Ethanol / Lactic acid’ | Rings Of Cartilage: Prevents alr passage from collapsing : eat Windplpe \Bronchi: Two bronch! connect = - Each bronchi “divides In lungs to form large number of smaller tubes called bronchioles. Sronchloles are small alt passages that lead directly to the alveoll. Biveol GAS OCHANCE ee >=) | Alveolt are vichly supplied with blood vessels por G eoeh exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide : = | v anygen Soi alveol! dipuses intothe blood capillasies ¢catbon dioxide prom blood diffuses inte the alveoli. 4 The diaphragm is a large, dome- Frapad muscle Yat Separates the chest ¢rom the a) & \ — pas: Inhalation / Inspiration _| Exhalation / Expiration =A I. ~ diephregm contracts dlophregm relaxes. dlephragm moves downward and | dlaphregm moves upward and becomes flat. becomes dome-shaped. Residual olume Amount of Chest cavity becomes larger Chest cavity becomes emailer alt always vemaining inlun Alria sucked into the lu ‘Alcs pushed out from the “ ngs (to provide sufpicien Hime be “a absorb 02 and velease Coz - (EBSE 2023, 2091,2019) Abclomen - its stomata +Exchange af Giases + occues through BayTime ‘Night Time - mi) «No photosynthesis =), Phokegatesis= oxygen radiced | Resptahh- cntbondionde is pedi predic ed in vex} “Net Resul- cop is given out. + Net Result- 05 is given out Breathing in Fish _rish-+ take in watew through Mouth+ Ht past the qills— dissolved a taken by bod. | Terrestial Onganisms Aquatic organisms * Breath oxygen in atmosPheve. euse dissolved ox i Ke + Rate of cthing is less. «Rate of esathity ie move as they have te obtain oxygen elissolved in water - i 7 - acts q musculas ovgan, youghly the size of a cist that ae as @ pump +o civaul tleod Fhvoughout tine body. "Double Circulation - Blood lows ‘twice through the heart before completing "q cull cireuit- Blood passes only once through the heart ina complete cycle. Schema rprenereatenad rorsportandeuhanye Glounen are carter dade Tr grainy : a: sale gs Warm blooded eae |e | eee | cold aed faces 2 Single circulation | Cold blooded AnyScanner ysome components of blood leak fuer pares in walls of capillasies (plasma , proteiis and blood cells — not RBc) v colousless eluid y contains te protein than blood lymph Flows inte Iymphatiecapf artes “which Join te form “larger lymph vessels vthese vessels pinally merge Into larger veins. functions . » carsies digested and absorbed pat from Intestine - « Drains extess cluid back jnto the lod - + lymph contains iymphocytee thet help derend the against ingechons. body Slow trancporkution, custem () plants donotmove (2y have a large proportion of dead ‘cells in many tissues. Hence they have low energy needs and use slow “Hansport systems But transportation clistance can be very lersge- xylem and Phicem are independent addict ng bec. —T, = J mn i Transports | Water and minerals Unidirectional lupwards Direction of Bidirectional (both Ton | trom roots to werial - Physical forces{ such oa] Active tranaport iehoaeed ‘oot pressure and | requires energy inthe . transpirational pull) form of ATP) hac Xylem vessels, Sieve tubes, decree tracheids ‘companion ceils 9 —>AYLEM Root preéssuse- Roots take up ions prom soil which vor yee th the -sonvetttration s of these lans.. . awates rom soil moves into the roots: a there ( a constant movement of watet _ intorook xylem and cater is steadily pushed upwards, Nitvogenous eogstes » glucose , wates, aminoacid , s alts the blood ase fitered and inital filterate enters into Bowman Capsule of the nephron. usegul substances like glucose , aminoacide, amount of water from the fitvate ase absorbed back by capillaries aaeaal the nephton « - urea, extrq water and salts re secreted Into the eu open up into the collecting duct and then inte the dteter- *In case of kidne IEW) fader ete ke if Faure , an artificia «An artigictal kidney removes nity vogste products pram the blood. Hebugh dialysis. + Artificial kidney No veabsosphon involved * Déalysing glutd- sqme osmelte ure as blood (ude ni-tzgenous een * Used dialysing solution -vich ‘in uveq and excess salts. + oxugen. and carbon digxide —> by dicgusiom [ Fiitligh stomata iene j « Excess water —> vemaved bby transpiration . eshedding of old leaves. «Plants also secrete some waste substances into the soil avound them. . 100% Exam Paper yahi se hoga | 3) Bararnec am 2. which of the following organisms shows parasitic mode of nutrition? Amaeba: hereit TE TE ae E 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024) Saemec ie ieee oe fn ‘The process by which green plants make thelr own toad trom carban diaxide and water by using sundght energy in the presence of chicrophya is called photasynthesk. = slergonene-cegepast Dorgan Lea & Lac sco, Pfifg Saseone CoHuO, +6H,0 + 60, ‘The source of Oger relewsed isthe acting of Water matecues inte Hydrogen and Oger. a ne role of KOH in this exger'mentT lpiveny ithe plant kevin win efer farting ve the apparatus? | ic] winat rosa it eantin that CO, 5 necessary For 4 att te annette ater ie nee fet a) KOH absorbs any Carbon aloxise preeort In let 1b) To provide sunlight. 50 ms to mate sure that al ether conditions for Photonynthesis are saint. after for hou, Kw tek moves fh fine stuion thay ore tur be blac proving no‘siarh is lormed are hence ne photonmtheris occured n exhibited by AMCs Explain haw food is taken in and Er avere natn i Sanaa (CBSE 2023) ‘Ase erPiats Hofogolc Nutiion. | (CBSE 2024, 2022, 2020) 8. Wihieh enzynid és Gecretid in the enguth and what dows it dogest? (proteins Vili are lots of Fnggerike projections, present on innes lining of Srl reersing. “They are supplied with biood vessels (capillaries) through which absorbed food ix supplied 19 all celliof body. ‘ncaa thiak in tc using tence ingertbe projections ofthe call nuace ead Peau : a — foes ms eee wpe Hunt ita baleen oe ‘ae FERSE 2024, 2022, 2030), Hrstempriahetinerevinniel rassgomne toe sbeerbed b GtmplmrT ty AIR. UES! Moe EMR Hi 1%, Name thy substantes whose build Up in the muselen during ] clara ote sate ae : Piva es Pegueer nett iipistant nv or tesco ar (ease 2a, 20%, 20,20) | PRL eee a th ain Premeciom Eneroy (case 2024 20222020) Vedectcin | eninge ee PRESS rae coord! | Wer tagaiain mods | vartesnmceciabaos Ee | FREE CRD SPST: a Jone ala t yerochloric acig @ oy thyBile Liven (c) Pepsin —__ 1) Mydrochiiwie wee+ eneates aie medium for erie pepsin A Kits bacteria ar peers Dy Blle- makes acdc food corning fram stomach alkaline B erwisiicatian ot fats « breaks down fat trip eraiier sobules Pepsin + protein-digesting enzyme [rense ae24, abs 20206) | c. Oeczri the exchenge of gazet in alveoli and Why are alveoli richly | | REESE) ieee) aeanentneey 2 
