COMPUTER
APPLICATION
C L A S S - X
PRASHANT KIRAD
NOTES
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COMPUTER
APPLICATION
C L A S S - X
PRASHANT KIRAD
NOTES
Unit 1 - Introduction to the Internet
Meaning of Internet - The Internet is a worldwide network of interconnected computers that communicate with each other using standard communication protocols. It is called a โNetwork of Networks.โ It allows users to share information globally. History of Internet Developed from ARPANET in 1969 (USA). Initially used for military communication. Later expanded for research and education. Today it connects millions of computers worldwide. Requirements for Internet Connection - To access the Internet, we need: Computer / Smartphone Modem or Router Internet Service Provider (ISP) Web Browser Important Terms ๐น World Wide Web (WWW) - WWW is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed through the Internet using a web browser. ๐น Web Page - A single HTML document displayed in a browser. ๐น Website - Collection of related web pages. ๐น Web Browser - Software used to access websites. Examples: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari ๐น URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - The address of a website. Example: https://www.cbse.gov.in Parts of URL: Protocol (https) Domain Name Path Internet Protocols - Protocols are rules for communication between computers. TCP/IP โ a set of communication protocols used for connecting devices over the Internet. HTTP / HTTPS โ Used to access web pages FTP โ File transfer SMTP โ Sending emails POP3 / IMAP โ Receiving emails
Web Services - Web services are services provided through the Internet. (A) E-Mail - Electronic mail used to send and receive messages instantly. (B) E-Learning โ Online learning through websites and apps. (C) E-Banking - Online banking services like fund transfer and balance enquiry. (D) E-Commerce - Buying and selling goods online. (E) Video Conferencing - Real-time online meetings using audio and video. (F) Social Networking - Connecting people through online platforms.
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Q9. Write disadvantages of Internet. Answer: Cybercrime, Privacy problems, Addiction, Fake news
Q10. What are Internet protocols? Name any two. Answer: Internet protocols are rules that govern communication over the Internet. Examples: HTTP, FTP, SMTP.
Q11. What is E-commerce? Answer: Buying and selling goods and services through the Internet.
Q12. What is E-banking? Answer: Banking services provided through the Internet.
Q13. What is video conferencing? Answer:It is real-time communication using audio and video over the Internet.
Q14. What is FTP? Answer: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used to transfer files over the Internet.
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UNIT 2: HTML โ WEB PAGE DESIGNING
INTRODUCTION TO HTML - HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to create web pages.
- It uses tags to structure content.
- HTML files are saved with extension .html or .htm
- HTML is not a programming language.
STRUCTURE OF AN HTML DOCUMENT Basic Structure:
Page Title
Content goes here
Explanation: โ Root element โ Contains title and meta information โ Title shown on browser tab <body> โ Main content of web page
HTML TAGS HTML uses tags written inside angle brackets < >. Example: <p>This is a paragraph</p>
Types of Tags: Paired Tags โ Have opening and closing tag. Example: <p> </p> Empty Tags โ Do not have closing tag. Example: <br>, <hr>
TEXT FORMATTING TAGS <h1> to <h6> โ Headings <p> โ Paragraph <b> โ Bold <i> โ Italic <u> โ Underline <br> โ Line break <hr> โ Horizontal line
LISTS IN HTML (A) Ordered List - <ol> <li>Item 1</li> <li>Item 2</li> </ol> (B) Unordered List - <ul> <li>Item 1</li> <li>Item 2</li> </ul> (C) Definition List - <dl> <dt>HTML</dt> <dd>Markup Language</dd> </dl>
HYPERLINKS - Used to connect one page to another. <a href="https://www.google.com">Visit Google</a>
Important Attribute: href โ Specifies URL target="_blank" โ Opens link in new tab
INSERTING IMAGES <img src="image.jpg" alt="description" width="200">
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Q1. Define HTML. Answer:HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a markup language used to create and design web pages. It uses tags to structure content on a webpage.
Q2. Write the basic structure of an HTML document. Answer: Page Title Content goes here
Q3. What are HTML tags? Answer: HTML tags are keywords enclosed in angle brackets (< >) that define how content is displayed on a web page. Most tags have opening and closing forms.
Q4. Differentiate between paired tags and empty tags. Answer: Paired Tags: Paired tags have both opening and closing tags. Example:
Empty Tags: Empty tags do not have a closing tag. Example: ,
Q5. Write HTML code to create an ordered list. Answer: Apple Banana
Q6. Write HTML code to create an unordered list.
Top 14
Answer: Apple Banana
Q7. What is a hyperlink? Write its syntax. Answer: A hyperlink is used to link one web page to another. Syntax: Link Text
Q8. Explain the tag with its attributes. Answer: The tag is used to insert images in a web page.
Syntax:
Attributes:
- src โ Specifies image path
- alt โ Alternate text
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- width and height โ Size of image
Q9. Write HTML code to create a simple table. Answer: Name Marks Rahul 90
Q10. Name the tags used in table creation. Answer: The tags used in table creation are: , , , and .
Q11. What is a form in HTML? Answer: A form in HTML is used to collect user input using different input controls such as text box, radio button, and submit button.
Q12. Name any four input types used in forms. Answer: Four input types used in forms are: text, password, radio, and checkbox.
Q13. What is CSS? Answer: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and design HTML web pages by controlling layout, colors, fonts, and alignment.
Q14. What is the difference between and ? Answer: is used to define a table heading and is bold by default. is used to define table data and displays normal text.
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- Use strong passwords
- Do not share OTP
- Install antivirus software
- Avoid suspicious links
- Keep personal information private
E-commerce Safety - While doing online shopping:
- Use trusted websites
- Check HTTPS in URL
- Do not share banking details publicly
Top 14
Q1. What is Cyber Ethics? Answer: Cyber ethics refers to moral principles and guidelines that govern responsible behavior while using the Internet.
Q2. What are Netiquettes? Answer: Netiquettes are rules of polite and respectful behavior that users should follow while communicating online.
Q3. Define Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). Answer: Intellectual Property Rights are legal rights given to creators to protect their original work from unauthorized use.
Q4. What is Copyright? Answer: Copyright is a legal protection given to creators of original work that prevents others from copying or using it without permission.
Q5. What is Plagiarism? Answer: Plagiarism is copying someone else's work and presenting it as your own without giving proper credit.
Q6. What is Open Source Software? Answer: Open source software is software whose source code is freely available for modification and distribution.
Q7. What is Freeware? Answer: Freeware is software available free of cost but the source code is not available to users.
Q8. What is Shareware? Answer: Shareware is software provided for trial use before purchasing the full version.
Q9. What is Proprietary Software?
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Answer: Proprietary software is software owned by a company and requires purchase to use legally.
Q10. Define Cyber Crime. Answer: Cyber crime refers to illegal activities performed using computers or the Internet.
Q11. Write any four examples of cyber crime. Answer:
- Hacking
- Phishing
- Identity theft
- Online fraud
Q12. Write any four online safety measures. Answer:
- Use strong passwords
- Do not share OTP
- Install antivirus
- Avoid suspicious links
Q13. What is E-commerce safety?
Answer: E-commerce safety refers to precautions taken while doing online transactions
to protect personal and financial information.
Q14. Why is cyber ethics important?
Answer: Cyber ethics is important to ensure safe, responsible and legal use of the
Internet and to prevent cyber crimes. Prashant Kirad
Class 10
Phodenge!
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