Class 12 chemistry notes chapter 1 the solid state, Cheat Sheet of Chemistry

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SOLID STATE SOLID STATE 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CLASSIFICATION OF SOLIDS Solid state is a state of matter besides liquid and gaseous Solids are broadly classified on the basis of follow’ state. In case of solids the inter molecular forces are very parameters. strong and empty spaces between the atoms/ions/ * based on various properties molecules is very less. That is why they have a fixed shape * — based on bonding present in building blocks. and volume. 2.1 On the basis of various properties 1.1 Characteristic Properties of Solids . . . . Based on their various properties solids can be classified as Solids are characterised by the following properties . . 7 7 * Crystalline solids * High density . . * Amorphous solids. * — Low compressibility * oo. Crystalline solids have a regular structure over the entire Rigidity volume and sharp properties whereas amorphous solids * — Definite shape and volume. have irregular structure over long distances and properties are not that sharp. Various differences are listed in table below Property Crystalline solids Amorphous solids Shape They have long range order They have short range order. Melting point They have definite melting point They do not have definite melting point. Heat of fusion They have a definite heat of fusion They do not have definite heat of fusion Compressibility They are rigid and incompressible These may be compressed to some extent Cutting with a sharp They are given cleavage i.e. they They give irregular cleavage i.e. they break edged tool break into two pieces with plane into two pieces with irregular surface Tsotropy and Anisotropy Volume change Symmetry Interfacial angles surfaces They are anisotropic There is a sudden change in volume when they melt. They possess symmetry They possess interfacial angles. They are isotropic There is no sudden change in volume on melting, They do not possess any symmetry. They do not possess interfacial angles.