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Information about various concepts in physics 171, such as newtons law of universal gravitation, potential energy, angular momentum conservation, and kepler's laws. It also includes formulas, examples, and problem-solving tips.
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g 2
square Force law
Potential Energy:
For earth’s gravity, r is measured relative to the center of the earth.
1 2 r
G
Gm m U r dU F dr
= −
=
Why do we get F=mg and U=mgh on the
earth surface?
Near the surface of the earth at height h:
Distance is still approximately earth radius:
r=RE +h
-> Approximate force and potential energy
2
2 9.8 2
≅
= =
E
E
E
E
M m F G R
M m g G R s
2
=
E g
M m F G r
2 Sun Planet Planet 2
2 2 3
Sun 2 3
⎛ (^4) π ⎞ = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠
= (^) S
T r GM
T K r