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Social Differentiation and Inequality: An Organic View of Society and Inequality - Prof. F, Study notes of Introduction to Sociology

Michigan State University (MSU)Introduction to Sociology

Prof. Fayyaz Hussain

An overview of the structural functional perspective on social inequality, with a focus on the works of august comte, herbert spencer, and talcott parsons. Topics include population dynamics, socialization, social differentiation, and stratification systems. The document also discusses the dimensions of social stratification, including economic and status dimensions.

Typology: Study notes

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ISS 215: Social Differentiation and Inequality

Lecture 1: Structural Function Perspective & Social Inequality

In-Class Notes

Population depends on

Fertility

Fatality

Migration

- Individuals are indispensable

Temporary imbalances

Good because people come together to prevent it from happening again

“learned your lesson”

Dysfunctional elements

Criminals  serve as an example (consequences)

Unifies everybody

Society as organic whole/social organisms

“society is a living thing and has life”

- Newborn, growth, peak, declining, death, repeat

- In terms/reference to society

- Has/will happen to every civilization

August Comte

3 stages

- Theological  dominated by supernatural beliefs

- Metaphysical  more logical/rational supernatural

- Scientific (Renaissance)  believing in scientific studies

Herbert Spencer

Darwinism

- Societies have living organisms that are best fit to live in environments and

survive, all others die

- Spencer thinks best fitted in human society succeed, prosper, move forward; all

others are left behind (poor)

Nature tries to keep a balance between living organisms vs environment

Difference in structure

- Everything changed  politics, religion, ethnicity, agriculture

- Ex. Same sex marriage, gender roles

Talcott Parsons

Socialization

- Process of learning everything, like a puppet to other individuals

Functional

- Environments  create balance between environments and society

Discover Study notes of Introduction to Sociology Michigan State University (MSU)

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ISS 215: Social Differentiation and Inequality Lecture 1: Structural Function Perspective & Social Inequality In-Class Notes Population depends on  Fertility  Fatality  Migration

Individuals are indispensable Temporary imbalances  Good because people come together to prevent it from happening again  “learned your lesson” Dysfunctional elements  Criminals  serve as an example (consequences)  Unifies everybody Society as organic whole/social organisms  “society is a living thing and has life”
Newborn, growth, peak, declining, death, repeat
In terms/reference to society
Has/will happen to every civilization August Comte  3 stages
Theological  dominated by supernatural beliefs
Metaphysical  more logical/rational supernatural
Scientific (Renaissance)  believing in scientific studies Herbert Spencer  Darwinism
Societies have living organisms that are best fit to live in environments and survive, all others die
Spencer thinks best fitted in human society succeed, prosper, move forward; all others are left behind (poor)  Nature tries to keep a balance between living organisms vs environment  Difference in structure
Everything changed  politics, religion, ethnicity, agriculture
Ex. Same sex marriage, gender roles Talcott Parsons  Socialization
Process of learning everything, like a puppet to other individuals  Functional
Environments  create balance between environments and society

Goals  in every society, you must give people dreams, aspirations, goals  Creates competition, something to live for
Integration  rules and regulations to integrate people
Latency  maintain culture & habits as a society Social Differentiation  Classifications
Race
Gender
Age Inequality & Stratification  Every society has valuable things (job, education, home)  Access
Those with valuable things are seen as superior  Possession
Enjoying having that access Stratification Systems  Hindu Caste System
Said to have separated his body to pieces to create different groups of people
The higher the body parts used to create a group, the more superior that group was seen as
Harijans  untouchables  So dirty you have to be “purified” if touched  Lived in separate neighborhoods/communities  Class system also spreads to Islam, Christianity, Muslim  The Estate System
Nobility  Brute, cruel
Clergy  Paid to look the other way
If a girl wanted to marry, she had to get an ok from the nobles. To get an ok she had to “embrace her youth” by spending a night with a noble Dimensions of Social Stratification  Economic
Wealth  all assets
Wealth and occupation generate disposable income  Status
Association  Informal  a group of people just get together; open to anybody  Formal  must meet certain criteria to be a member
Bohemian Club

Social Differentiation and Inequality: An Organic View of Society and Inequality - Prof. F, Study notes of Introduction to Sociology

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