Download Terms and Concepts in Developmental Psychology: From Infancy to Adulthood and more Quizzes Developmental Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!
Developmental
Study of change across the lifespan TERM 2
Developmental Psychology
DEFINITION 2 Most often studied as the changes from infancy to adulthood Often incorporates other aspects of development such as motor development or physical growth TERM 3
Evolutionary
DEFINITION 3 Often uses a comparative approach Focus on understanding various traits or behaviors as adaptive/conferring an evolutionary advantage Consider the role of culture to show similarities TERM 4
Socialization
DEFINITION 4 Thinking about the role of experiences and environments Consider the role of culture to show differences TERM 5
Lab
Experiment
DEFINITION 5 Study conducted in research lab Everything is controlled (ideally) except the critical variable one is interested in Advantages: time, cost, experimental control, strong causal conclusions can be drawn
Field
Experiment
Study conducted in natural setting Many things are controlled for, but not everything can be, and one main feature is manipulated Advantages: ecological validity, some experimental control TERM 7
Observation
DEFINITION 7 Noticing what is happening in everyday life Advantages: cheap, no equipment needed TERM 8
Experiment
DEFINITION 8 Systematic investigation Hypothesis or theory driven True experiment includes a control condition TERM 9
Infancy (Jean Piaget)
DEFINITION 9 Sensorimotor period Birth to 2 years Infants learn to distinguish their own bodies and actions from the external world around them TERM 10
Stage 1
DEFINITION 10 Birth to one month Use of reflexes
Infants know a lot about the physical world
before they are capable of operating on it
Coherence Continuity Contact State Gravity Inertia TERM 17
Do children understand 2D vs. 3D
representations?
DEFINITION 17 9 month olds will try to pick an object out of a book as if it is 3-D TERM 18
Children's use of models
DEFINITION 18 Children are shown a scale model and something is hidden there Then they are shown the identical full-sized room At 2.5 years children struggle a lot with this task By about 3 or 3.5 years children become much better The more similar the spaces, the easier it is TERM 19
Jean Piaget: stages
DEFINITION 19 Children go through distinct cognitive stages at certain ages and in a certain order TERM 20
Constructivisim
DEFINITION 20 Children "construct" knowledge on the basis of their experiences with the world Children proceed through stages of development
Sensorimotor
Birth to 2 years According to Piaget, infants live primarily in the here-and- now Rely on basic motor systems Experiences world through senses Sensorimotor failures of object permanence TERM 22
Reflexes in Infants
DEFINITION 22 Tonic neck reflex Grasp reflex Step reflex Crawl reflex TERM 23
Preoperational
DEFINITION 23 2-6 years Child has full motor skills but does not understand conservation of physical properties Child thinks egocentrically TERM 24
Preoperational failures of conservation
DEFINITION 24 Conservation of liquid quantity Conservation of solid quantity Conservation of number TERM 25
Concrete Operational
DEFINITION 25 6-12 years Children can reason logically about concrete objects and events However, they have difficulty thinking with abstract terms and hypotheticals
3 Representations
Naive beliefs Perceptual knowledge Action knowledge TERM 32
Conceptual Change
DEFINITION 32 Concepts and the relationship between them change across development Often when a concept is understood in one way, it is difficult if not impossible to understand a different conceptualization TERM 33
What does the earth look like to children?
DEFINITION 33 Sphere Flattened sphere Hollow sphere Dual earth Disc earth Rectangular earth TERM 34
Long term memory
DEFINITION 34 Explicit memory: with conscious recall Semantic memory: facts and general knowledge Episodic memory: personally experienced events
- Implicit memory: without conscious recall Procedural memory: motor and cognitive skills Priming: enhanced identification of objects or words TERM 35
Developmental Memory Issues
DEFINITION 35 Don't know all the strategies yet (chunking, rehearsal, etc) Metamemory Source monitoring
Infantile amnesia
Memory format change hypothesis Neural change hypothesis Cueing hypothesis TERM 37
Sam Stone Study
DEFINITION 37 4 conditions Control Group Stereotype Group Stereotype and Suggestion Group Suggestion Group
