Classical Conditioning Unit 3- Module 14 Notes, Lecture notes of Psychology

These notes provide an overview of Pavlov's experiment on classical conditioning, explaining the concepts of unconditioned stimulus (US), unconditioned response (UR), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR). The document also covers the processes of acquisition, extinction, generalization, and discrimination.

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causing%it%to%salivate%to%the%sound%of%a%tuning%
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Classical

Conditioning

Unit 3-­‐ Module 14 Notes

Classical Conditioning

  • Ivan Pavlov’s Experiment
    • Pavlov was conducting an experiment on the role of saliva on digestion-­‐ the results of his experiment, however, became a benchmark in behavioral psychology!

Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning

  • Pavlov’s experiment
    • The initial results of the experiment were a success-­‐ the dog salivated when the meat was introduced
    • After a period of time, however, the dog became familiar with the procedure and began to salivate before the meat arrived
    • Pavlov decided to change his experiment and see if he could train the behavior of the dog by causing it to salivate to the sound of a tuning fork rather than the presence of meat

Definitions

  • Learning:
    • A relatively permanent change in behavior caused by experience
  • Classical Conditioning
    • Type of learning in which a stimulus gains the power to create a response
  • Stimulus
    • Anything in the environment that one can respond to
  • Response
    • Any behavior or action

Classical Conditioning

  • There are four main components to classical

conditioning:

  • Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
  • Unconditioned Response (UR)
  • Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
  • Conditioned Response (CR)

Classical Conditioning

  • Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
    • Stimulus that triggers an automatic and reflexive response
    • Classical conditioning CANNOT happen without an US
    • In the shower example, what is the US?
      • Hot water

Classical Conditioning

  • Two basic processes in classical conditioning:
    • Acquisition
      • Process of developing a learned response
      • Occurs when a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with a US (called a trial)
      • In the shower example, how would we know that acquisition has taken place?
        • When the word “Flush” is said and the person jumps out of the way without the hot water being present

Classical Conditioning

  • Extinction
    • Diminishing of a learned response after repeated presentation of the CS by itself
    • How could the CR of jumping out of the way in the shower become extinct?
      • Repeatedly yell “Flush” (CS) without actually flushing the toilet
      • Since water wouldn’t get hot, learner wouldn’t react to the CS

Classical Conditioning

  • Two more terms:
    • Generalization
      • Producing the same response to two similar stimuli
    • Discrimination
      • Ability to distinguish between 2 signals or stimuli and produce different responses

Classical Conditioning

  • Sherman was sitting on a park bench licking a lollipop when he got stung in the ear by a bee. The sting produced a great deal of pain and, as a result, fear of bees. After the incident, Sherman began experiencing fear whenever he heard the buzzing sound of a bee.

Classical Conditioning

  • In that scenario, what is the:
    • US?
      • Pain from the sting
    • UR?
      • Fear of bees
    • CS?
      • Buzzing of bees
    • CR?
      • Fear of bees

Classical Conditioning

  • In the previous scenario, how might we

observe generalization?

  • If Sherman displayed fear of all buzzing insects
  • If Sherman feared all buzzing insects at first,

what would need to happen for us to observe

discrimination?

  • Sherman showed the ability to not be afraid of buzzing insects that did not produce painful stings

Classical Conditioning

Experiment

  • Observe the demonstration
  • When complete, jot down the following:
    • US, UR, CS, CR, Generalization (if any), Discrimination (if any), Extinction (if any), Acquisition (if any)
  • Then, we will discuss as a class

Classical Conditioning

Experiment