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Latent Inhibition (aka CS Pre-exposure) ∎ novel stimulus more effective for conditioning ∎ Explanation for the dreaded 'Just a Friend' zone?
Typology: Lecture notes
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n Excitatory/ Inhibitory Conditioning n Effects of experiences that precede ClassCon n Latent Inhibition n Higher-order Conditioning n Sensory Pre-conditioning n Compound stimuli n Blocking n Overshadowing n Timing
Excitatory/Inhibitory Conditioning n Excitatory Conditioning: CS+ n NS -> presentation of US E.g. bell -> food
(aka Second Order Conditioning ) Metronome : Food à Salivation Metronome à Salivation Light : Metronome à Salivation Light à Salivation
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1 CS 2
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n Pairing a new stimulus with an established CS to elicit an established CR n The new stimulus becomes a CS 2 , and elicits a CR 2 n CR 2 is usually lower in magnitude than the CR 1
Sensory Pre-conditioning n Like Higher-order Conditioning, stimulus becomes a CS even though it was never paired with US n Difference: here, two stimuli paired before US was ever presented—neither had yet become a CS
Compound Stimuli
n The stronger component of a compound stimulus becomes a CS, but the weaker component will not. n Gunfire + light tapping: candy -> salivation n Gunfire -> salivation n Light tapping -> no salivation
n Presence of an established CS interferes with conditioning a new CS n Red light: candy -> salivation n Red light + green light: candy -> salivation n Green light -> no salivation
Timing of Classical Conditioning n Delayed Conditioning: most effective n CS onset, US onset, CS offset, US offset n Trace Conditioning: 2nd most effective n CS onset, CS offset, US onset, US offset n Simultaneous Conditioning: not very effective n CS & US onset at same time n Backwards Conditioning: least effective n US onset, then CS onset n Predictive value (contingency) > contiguity!
Theories of Classical Conditioning n Two Types of Theories n Type of Association Formed (S-S vs. S-R) n Nature of the CR n Pavlov’s Stimulus Substitution Theory n Siegel’s Compensatory CR Theory n Rescorla-Wagner theory
n US stimulates a “US center” in the brain, which excites a “response center” n CS stimulates a different part of the brain than US n After pairings, CS-US neural connection made n CR should take form of UR: light-food: dog licks light n Preparatory response theory n the form of the CR is dependent on type of S n Rat-shock: jump; light-shock -> light: freeze
n US = Drug + Primary effect of drug n Coffee example: US = Caffeine + Alertness n UR = Response that opposes drug’s primary effect n Coffee example: UR = Sleepiness n UR is a compensatory response n UR occurs after the drug’s primary effect
Another conditioning example:
Bar Setting (CS) à Increased HR (CR) n Note: CR occurs before primary effect n Size of CR increases with training n Opposes 1 0 effect more => drug has lesser effect n This is known as Chronic Tolerance
n Results from learning association between drug intake & environment, NOT from repeated exposure to drug n Depends on context of drug intake: situational specificity n Context becomes CS & elicits compensatory CR
