Classification of
Computers
Tahir Naeem
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A Historical Overview of Computing: From Mechanical Calculators to Hybrid Computers, Slides of Introduction to Computing
An in-depth exploration of the history of computing, from the invention of the first mechanical calculator by blaise pascal in the 17th century to the development of hybrid computers in the present and future. Various milestones in computer history, including the creation of the difference engine and analytical engine by charles babbage, the development of the first electronic computer at the university of pennsylvania, and the introduction of the first personal computer in 1981. Additionally, the document discusses the classification of computers based on their size, working principle, and technology, providing examples of each type.
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Classification of
Computers
Tahir Naeem
History of Computer
- In 17th^ Century BLAISE PASCAL a mathematician and scientist of France developed the first mechanical calculator, which he called the “ Pascalins ”. 2. CHARLES BABBAGE a mathematician of UK in 1822 designed a special type of calculator called “ difference Engine” and in 1833 he developed a machine called “ANALYTICAL ENGINE”.
- Later on American Scientists Working at Howard University developed a computer between 1937 and 1944 called “ Howard Mark-I”.
- First electronic computer was developed in 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania USA.
- First Personal computer (PC) was developed in 1981.
Classification of computer
depending on size
(^) Computers are divided into four main types depending on their sizes.
(^) Super Computers
(^) Mainframe Computers
(^) Mini Computers
(^) Micro Computers
Super Computer:
(^) These are Fastest, Most Powerful and Most expensive computers
(^) These computers are Large in size and Memory.
(^) These are Multi –User computers. And many users can work at once
on them
(^) The CDC 6600, released in 1964, is generally considered the first
supercomputer.
(^) These computers are mostly used in Research laboratories
(^) “IBM Blue Gene P supercomputer” is shown in picture.
Mini Computers:
(^) These computers are Less powerful than Mainframe.
(^) These are Medium Sized computers.
(^) These are also Multi-user computers.
(^) These are very expansive computers.
(^) These were introduced in 1960s.
(^) These are mostly used as servers and medical field.
(^) IBM 7400 series, PDP-5, MITS Altair 8800 are examples of
mainframes.
Microcomputer:
(^) These are Single user computers.
(^) These computers are Powerful Enough so that can supports single
user work.
(^) These computers are very In-expensive as low as RS: 5000 per
computer.
(^) These computers are called Personal Computer.
(^) These computers are used for home or small office work widely.
Analogue computers
(^) Such a type of computer in which input is given in the form of digits
but the output is receiving in graphical form. This output is correct 90% to 95% (i.e. Wall Clock, Thermometer, Magnetic Needle etc.)
Digital Computers
(^) Digital computer that in which input is given in the form of digits and output is also received in form of digits (Digital Watch, Calculator etc.)
Classification of computers based
on technology
(^) The computers can be classified into five generations according to used technologies. (^) First Generation (1942-1955)
(^) Second Generation (1956-1963) (^) Third Generation (1964-1971)
(^) Fourth Generation (1971-Present) (^) Fifth Generation (Present-Future)
First Generation (1942-1955)
(^) The Vacuum tubes were used in first generation of computers.
(^) Theses computers used magnetic drums for storage.
(^) These computers were very large in size. About 100 feet long and 30
ton weight.
(^) These computers used a very large amount of electricity.
(^) These computers produce an enormous amount of heat.
(^) The UNIVAC and ENIAC are examples of first generation computers.
Third Generation (1964-
(^) The development of integrated circuit (IC) was a hallmark in the history of computer. (^) The Third generation of computers started with use of IC in computers. (^) These computers were very fast than previous generation computers. (^) These computers also generate very less amount of heat. (^) These computers were equipped with keyboard, monitors and Operating system. (^) These computers can run many program at one time. (^) These computers were mass produced for peoples due to cheap in price. (^) IBM 360 series, Honeywell 6000 series, IBM 370/168 and TDC 316 are examples of third generation of computers'
Fourth generation of
computers(1971-Present)
(^) The fourth generation of computer started with development of micro processors.
(^) These computers uses a Central processing unit (CPU) built on single chip.
(^) These computers are very small in size.
(^) These computers produce very small amount of heat.
(^) The computers become personal in this generation.
(^) Today computers are multipurpose machines.
(^) High level languages make programming easy to do. Even children can program a computer using these languages.
(^) Peripheral Devices such as keyboard, mouse, LCDs and much more make it easy to use a computer.
(^) Personal Computers, Laptops, Hand Held are examples of modern computers.