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CIS 405 FINAL (7-13) QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
The objective of designing the physical layer is to determine what parts of the application software will be assigned to what hardware. - Answers -True Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic functions of a computer application?
- Answers -networking logic A server can be a(n) _____. - Answers -mainframe, minicomputer, or microcomputer The application function that allows data to be stored and retrieved is called _____. - Answers -data storage A server in the client-server architecture performs which of the following application functions? - Answers -data access logic and data storage Regarding the benefits of Client-Server Architecture, scalability refers to the _____. - Answers -easy increase or decrease of the storage and processing capabilities of the computer Client-server architecture can only support one kind of operating system on a network. For example, you cannot put a Mac and a PC on the same network. - Answers -False For thin client server architectures that use Internet standards, it is simple to clearly separate the presentation logic, the application logic, and the data access logic and design each to be somewhat independent. - Answers -True Client-server systems are more reliable since no one single computer supports all applications. Many servers remove the single point of failure that exists on a single server system. - Answers -True The two basic limitations of client-server architecture are - Answers -complexity and updating the network with a new version of software Since most systems are built to use the existing infrastructure in the organization, the - Answers -current infrastructure restricts the choice of architecture Security, in the context of the physical architecture layer design, is the responsibility of the operations group. - Answers -True Security, in the context of the physical architecture layer design, is the responsibility of the operations group. Should they be concerned about earthquakes possibly disrupting an IS or causing data loss? - Answers -Yes
In the public key private key encryption algorithm, the public key is normally used to _________, while private key is used to ______________. - Answers -Encrypt data, decrypt data _____ is the development of all parts of the new system including the software, documentation, and new operating procedures. - Answers -Construction The cost of fixing one major bug after the system is installed can easily exceed the _____. - Answers -annual salary of a programmer When assigning programmers to a programming team, the best size of the team is? - Answers -the smallest number of people possible Regular meetings of a systems project team - Answers -encourages communication As the size of a project team increases, the need for coordination increases _________.
- Answers -exponentially When programmers or project teams set up three areas on different disk drives in which the programmers can work, these areas are for _____. - Answers -development, testing, and production Keeping files and programs in different places based on completion status helps to manage _______ ________ by using a program log. - Answers -change control Scope creep is - Answers -is an occurrence caused when new requirements are added to the project after the system design is finalized A day-by-day slippage in the schedule is not a problem and can easily be fixed by simply working two ten-hour days for each eight-hour day slipped. - Answers -False One of the strongest driving forces to client-server architectures is cost of infrastructure. Simply put, personal computers are more than _______ times cheaper than mainframes for the same amount of computing power. - Answers -1, Client-server architectures tend to be cheaper than client-based architectures because they place less of a load on networks and thus require less network capacity. - Answers -True Which type of architecture costs four to five times more to develop and maintain application software than server-based software? - Answers -client-server A GUI is easily supported on a server-based application, and therefore is less expensive to develop. - Answers -True
X <= 9, X >= 9
How do you correct these guard conditions to make the decision mutually exclusive? - Answers -Nothing, the conditions are mutually exclusive. In the declaration section of a program which you are testing you see the following: X : integer Y : real Z : string(20) In the main part of the program you see the following: X := 1. Y := 2. Z := "Henry Ford" Regarding compiling and executing this code: - Answers -Compile error, X := 1.5 is a type mismatch (real value to integer variable) Examine the following:
- LName := string(30)
- FName := string(20)
- DOB := date(MM/DD/YYYY) / AGE := System_Date - DOB
What assumptions are made, specifically pre-conditions, for the derived value to properly compute? - Answers -The System_Date and DOB are correct You've received a job offer to work with a software development team in a foreign country. Power distance is a big concern since this job is in Asia. What would you probably not do in this new job? - Answers -write code side-by-side with the CEO
According to the authors of our class text book, which of the following is not a common language of information systems development? - Answers -Apache Black Box Testing - Answers -For unit tests, variable states are NOT visible during the testing process Interaction Testing - Answers -An integration test, tests each process step-by-step White Box Testing - Answers -For unit tests, variable states are visible during the testing process Beta Testing - Answers -Performed by users who provide auto-feedback or comments on errors and suggested improvements What does the network model communicate to the project team? - Answers -E. A & B only What is Service-Oriented Architecture? - Answers -"plug and play" services that can be billed as pay-as-go or purchased outright (completely) Silver bullet syndrome - Answers -belief that advancing technology will magically solve business problems Scope Creep - Answers -new requirements are added to the system after you have already finished plannning In-House Development - Answers -The Most Flexible and reliable development option System Analyst - Answers -Designs System, MUST Pay Attention to details Most important: Capture All Requirements Advantages of outsourcing - Answers --Potentially Less Expensive -Frees up teams time -Outercourse are often Experts ; Quick Dev. Downsides of outsourcing - Answers --Corporate Knowledge Goes Out the door -Nobody in-house will understand system very well Say system you got through outsourcing is not what you want. What can you do? - Answers -Create API or object wrapper; workaround If you outsource, you MUST... - Answers --Define Requirements VERY Clearly -Choose vendor with a proven track record RFP - Answers --Long
Coupling - Answers -the measure of the degree of interdependence between the modules. A good software will have low __________. multiple inheritance - Answers -an object or class can inherit characteristics and features from more than one parent object or parent class. dynamic binding - Answers -type of object is not determined until run-time To organize system into smaller groups - Answers -Purpose of packages 3 basic types of relationships between classes - Answers -1) Inheritance
- Association
- Aggregation Purpose of a class - Answers -To encapsulate the data and the processes together Purpose of a package - Answers -To group and organize similar classes Horizontal - Answers -Things that use the same software Vertical - Answers -Software that only one thing will be able to use Margins - Answers -The difference between costs and benefits Dashed Lines - Answers -Dependency relationships in a package relationship need to be ___________ If you buy software that is created by someone else and you bring it into your organization, you make it your own, what is the downfall? - Answers -Updates are going to be difficult, the vendor may not support your changes, hard for other people to understand, they could go out of business How many methods are in a class if none are shown? - Answers -2: Create/Delete Primary and foreign Keys are _____ - Answers -invariant When implementing problem domain classes in a single inheritance language, TWO rules should be followed... - Answers -1). Convert Additional inheritance relationships to association relationships 2). Flatten inheritance Hierarchy by copying attributes and methods and methods and super classes to a single level Interface Design Prototyping - Answers -Mock-ups or simulations of computer screens, forms, and reports
Types of Interface design Prototypes - Answers -Storyboard, Windows layout diagram, HTML, Language How to deal with mistakes? - Answers -Prevent user from making mistake Use consistent grammar Simplify recovery What is bias in the context of HCI - Answers -Graphical data can be formatted in a way that deceives the user to some extent that is in accordance with the ideas/preferences of the individual who Put the data together How to prevent HCI Bias - Answers -The scale should always begin with 0 What is HCI? - Answers -Human Computer Interaction What are the different types of Mock-Ups and interfaces - Answers -Heuristic, Walk- through, Interactive Evaluation, Formal Usability Testing Heuristic Evaluation - Answers -examines the interface by comparing it to a set of heuristics or principles for interface design Walk-through evaluation - Answers -a meeting conducted with the users who will ultimately have to operate the system Interactive Evaluation - Answers -The users themselves actually work with the HTML or language prototype in one-on-one sessions with members of the project team. Formal Usability Testing - Answers -expensive, detailed use of special lab testing Interface Metaphors - Answers -a concept from the real world that is used as a model for the computer system. Interface Objects - Answers -fundamental building blocks of the system Windows Layout Diagram - Answers -a picture that resembles the actual user interface that the user will gradually receive Used with Microsoft Visio, closest to the real thing User Interface Design Process - Answers -1. Use, scenario development
- Interface structure design
- Interface standards design
- Interface design prototyping
- Interface evaluation
1st Normal Form - Answers -no multi-valued attributes (each cell has only a single value) Lookup Files - Answers -zip codes with city and state names 3rd Normal Form - Answers -no transitive dependencies (non-key fields do not depend on other non-key fields) Transaction Files - Answers -information used to update a master file Referential Integrity - Answers -ensures records in different tables are matched properly Primary Keys - Answers -uniquely identifies each row Foreign Keys - Answers -establish relationships between tables Relational Databases - Answers -most popular way to store data for applications What do relational databases consist of - Answers -a collection of tables What do relational databases use to access the data - Answers -SQL Object-Oriented Databases - Answers -add persistence extensions to OO programming language OR create a separate OO database Object-Relational Databases - Answers -a relational database with the ability to store objects What is SQL used for in object-relational databases? - Answers -It is extended to handle complex data types Object-Oriented Databases Characteristics - Answers -utilize extents each class is uniquely identified with an Object ID Object ID is also used to relate classes together Inheritance is supported but is language dependent Has steep learning curve Extents - Answers -a collection of instances of a class Audit Files - Answers -records data before and after changes What is a database? - Answers -An organized collection of related data
2nd Normal Form - Answers -no partial dependencies (non-key fields depend on the entire primary key, not just part of it) History Files - Answers -Archives of past transactions Master Files - Answers -store core information usually held for long periods changes require new programs 5 different file types - Answers -Master Files Lookup Files Transaction Files Audit Files History Files Post-conditions - Answers -must exist or start before method executes Pre-conditions - Answers -must exist or start before method executes Invariant - Answers -always has to be true Layout - Answers -the arrangement of items on the screen like items are grouped into areas Aesthetics - Answers -Functional, inviting to use, and pleasing to the eye Simple minimalist designs are generally better White space is important to provide separation Content Awareness - Answers -How well the user understands the information contained Menus should show where the user is and how the user got there Consistency - Answers -allows users to predict what is going to happen Key areas: navigation controls and terminology(use the same descriptors on forms and reports) 3-click rule - Answers -Users should be able to go from main menu of a system to the information they want in no more than three mouse clicks System Development Life Cycle(SDLC) - Answers -Planning, Analysis, Design, Implementation (PADI)
Primary people that are involved in change management - Answers -sponsor, change agent, potential adopter Sponsor - Answers -the person who wants the change (business sponsor who first initiated the request for the new system) Change agent - Answers -identifies ways to improve an organization, build an information system to support them, and train and motivate others to use the system (i.e. understanding what to change and how to change it, and convincing others of the need for change) Potential Adopter - Answers -the people who actually must change (people for whom the new system is designed and who will ultimately choose to use or not use the system) 3 basic tools that management uses for restructuring work processes - Answers - Standard Operating Procedures Measurements and Rewards Resource Allocation Standard operating procedures - Answers -SOP's must be revised to match the to-be system Measurements and rewards - Answers -design to motivate desired (acceptance) behavior Resource Allocation - Answers -Direct effect is the actual reallocation of resources Symbolic effect shows that management is serious about the new system What are the two categories of project assessment? - Answers -Project team review System review Project team review - Answers -Members list what worked and mistakes that were made Goal is to repeat excellent performance and eliminate mistakes Project manager can prepare a "lesson learned" document System review - Answers -To what extent did the proposed costs and benefits actually accrue Goal is to compare estimates with actual values(determine whether or not the system provides the expected value/provide baseline costs for future projects) Post-implementation activities - Answers -Goal is to institutionalize the new system Usually the job of the project sponsor and the manager
"Goal is to institutionalize the new system" definition - Answers -Make it normal/accepted routine "Refreeze" the organization after successful transition "Usually the job of the project sponsor and the manager" definition - Answers -Actively promote its use and monitor its adoption Provide steady flow of information to users to encourage use What is a windows navigation diagram? - Answers -Used to show how all the screens, forms, and reports used by the system are related and how the user moves from one to another Factors that impact cost and benefit change: - Answers -Restricting factors & enabling factors (for both as-is and to-be system) Restraining factors - Answers -costs of transition x certainty of costs Enabling factors - Answers -benefits of transition x certainty of benefits occurring 2 major components of the migration plan - Answers -Technical conversion and change management Identify the step in the SDLC considered the longest and most expensive - Answers - Implementation Association - Answers -This type of relationship exists between one or more classes and is labeled with a verb phrase Aggregation - Answers -these relationships relate parts to wholes (a-part-of/has-parts) Ex: A door is a part of a car
