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Climate and Biomes
How will organism distributions shift under climate change? Terms: biome, PET, AET, ecotone, microclimate A. Biomes B. Climate diagrams C. Microclimate D. Ecotones II. Organism adaptations and tolerance Terms: Adaptation, fitness, tradeoffs, genotype, phenotype, ecotype, plasticity, homeostasis, feedbacks A. Adaptation B. Homeostasis C. Law of Tolerance, acclimatization
Biomes
Major ecosystem types characterized by dominant vegetation and climate
What are they?
Tropical rain forest Tropical dry forest Tropical savanna Desert Mediterranean woodland and shrubland Temperate grassland Temperate forest Boreal forest Tundra
Tropical rain forest
Tropical dry forest
Savanna
Desert
Temperate rain forest
Temperate forest
Grassland
Shrub steppe
Biomes:
Temperature and moisture dependence
(Ricklefs 2001)
Climate diagram
Tropical dry forest
Cold desert
Microclimate – slope & aspect
Microclimate – canopy cover
Ecotones
Biome distribution
What will happen with climate change? Will species shift together? Will some species not be able to shift?
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/kling/ecosystem/ecosystem.html
II. Organism adaptations and tolerance Terms: Adaptation, fitness, tradeoffs, genotype, phenotype, ecotype, plasticity, homeostasis, feedbacks A. Adaptation B. Homeostasis C. Law of Tolerance, acclimatization
Tolerance – effects of environmental change?
http://www.richard-seaman.com/Reptiles/Usa/Nevada/ValleyOfFire/
Chuckwalla, Valley of Fire
Adaptation
Any heritable behavioral, morphological or physiological trait
that maintains or increases the fitness of an organism
under a given set of environmental conditions.
Homeostasis
Negative feedbacks
Positive feedbacks
Law of Tolerance
Acclimation and adaptation
Convergent Evolution
Euphorbia Euphorbiaceae Asia & Africa
Echinocerus Cactaceae North America
Hoodia Asclepiadaceae Asia & Africa
Raven, Evert & Eichorn (2000)
