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Clinical Chemistry 1 - Basic Principles and
Practices
1. clinical chemistry: Laboratory section that performs qualitative and quantitative analyses of blood,
urine, spinal fluid, feces, calculi and other body fluids. A division concerned with the analysis of body fluids to yield timely, relevant, accurate and precise information on the clinical status of the human body.
2. Accuracy: Ability to determine the true and known value of as substance
3. Biochemical Marker: Any biochemical compound that is sufficiently altered in a disease to serve as an aid in
diagnosing or predicting susceptibility to the disease.
4. Bloodborne: Carried or transmitted by blood
5. Diagnosis: The identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the
symptoms
6. Pathogen: Causative agent of a disease
7. Prognosis: An opinion, based on medical experience, of the likely course of a medical condition
8. Precision: Ability to reproduce the same results in repeated analysis of the sample
9. Reliability: Ability of an analytical procedure to maintain its original accuracy, precision,
specificity, and sensitivity over an extended period of time
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10. Water: most-used reagent in lab
11. Prefiltration, Distillation, Deionization, Reverse osmosis, Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration:
Methods of Water Purification
12. reage
nt grade water.: Combination of purification methods is needed to produce.
13. Solute: a substance dissolved in a liquid
14. Analytes: biologic solutes
15. Solvent: liquid in which solute is dissolved
16. Solution: solute plus solvent
17. concentration: Expressed in percent solution, molarity, molality, normality, moles
18. Laboratory vessels: flasks, beakers, graduated cylinders (CLINICAL LABORATORY
SUPPLIES)
19. pipets/pipettes: glass or plastic utensils used to transfer liquids (CLINICAL
LABORATORY SUPPLIES)Burets/burettes: look like wide, long, graduated pipets with stopcock at one end (CLINICAL LABORATORY SUPPLIES)
20. syringes: sometimes used for transfer of small volumes in blood
gas analysis or separation techniques (CLINICAL LABORATORY SUPPLIES)
21. Desiccator: a closed, airtight chamber
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32. Prefiltration: remove particulate matter from municipal water supplies before any
additional treatments
33. Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration: like distillation, these methods are excellent in removing
particulate matter, microorganisms, and any pyrogens or endotoxins
34. Reverse osmosis: a process that uses pressure to force water through a semipermeable
membrane, producing water that reflects a filtered product of the
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35. percent solution: is expressed as the amount of solute per 100 total units of solution.
36. Molarity (M): is expressed as the number of moles per 1 L of solution.
37. Molality (m): represents the amount of solute per 1 kg of solvent
38. Normality: the least likely of the four concentration expressions to be encountered
in clinical laboratories, but it is often used in chemical titrations and chemical reagent classification. It is defined as the number of gram equivalent weights per 1 L of solution.
39. Colligative Properties: are those properties related to the number of solute
particles per solvent molecules, not on the type of particles present. (osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, freezing point, and boiling point)
40. Vapor pressure: is the pressure exerted by the vapor when
the liquid solvent is in equilibrium with the vapor
41. Freezing point: is the
temperature at which the first crystal (solid) of solvent forms in equilibrium with the solution.
42. Boiling point: is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the solvent
reaches atmospheric pressure (usually one atmosphere).
43. Osmotic pressure: is the pressure that opposes osmosis when a solvent flows through a
semipermeable membrane to establish equilibrium between compartments of differing concentration
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54. Phlebotomy, or venipuncture: the act of obtaining a blood sample from a vein using a
needle attached to a collection device or a stoppered evacuated tube.
