Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology, Exams of Pathophysiology

Download Clinical Manifestations and Pathophysiology and more Exams Pathophysiology in PDF only on Docsity! Final Exam: NUR2063/ NUR 2063 (New 2024/ 2025 Update) Pathophysiology | Review with Questions and Verified Answers| 100% Correct| A Grade - Rasmussen QUESTION Which of the following are clinical manifestations of cystitis (Select all that apply Answer: Pain the suprapubic area Urinary frequency Fever QUESTION A client is brought into the emergency department with an acute infec- tion. The healthcare provider states that the client has leukocytosis. Which statement best describes leukocytosis? Answer: Increased number of white blood cells in blood QUESTION What type of immunity is provided by a vaccination? Answer: Artificially acquired active immunity QUESTION What is the gold standard used to diagnose ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke? Answer: Computerized tomography (CT) of the head QUESTION Atrial fibrillation rheumatic heart disease and vascular prosthetics are risk factors for what type of stroke? Answer: Embolic QUESTION Which of the following describes cerebral aneurysm Answer: A dilation (ballooning of a portion of a vessel) QUESTION Select the condition that refers to the inflammation of the brain and spinal cord Answer: Encephalitis QUESTION Which of the following describes temporary episodes of impaired neu- rologic functioning caused by inadequate blood flow to a portion of the brain? Answer: Ischemic stroke QUESTION Which of the following describes cerebral palsy Answer: Irreversible brain damage that can occur before, during and after birth or infancy QUESTION Deficiency of Vitamin B=12 can lead to what type of anemia? Answer: Pernicious anemia QUESTION The pathophysiology of which disease involves the inflammation of the trachea and bronchi often associated Answer: Bronchitis QUESTION What refers to the inflammation of the lungs triggered by infection or injury? Answer: Pneumonia QUESTION Which two diseases could result in obstructive pulmonary disease (OPD)- Answer: Emphysema and chronic bronchitis QUESTION Which conditions describe acute inflammatory of the bronchioles usually resulting from viral infection such as respiratory syncytial virus Answer: bronchiolitis QUESTION Risk factors for respiratory disorders include? Answer: smoking, asthma, bedrest QUESTION What is pathologic collection of fluid or pus in the pleural cavity called? Answer: - Pleural effusion QUESTION Which of the following describes the pathology of exercise induced asth- ma? Answer: Bronchospasm after exercise QUESTION Which of the following describes the normal flow of urine? Answer: Collection duct to the renal pelvis to the ureter to the bladder QUESTION Which type of incontinence is the inability to fully empty the bladder resulting in dribbling urine and a weak urine stream? Answer: overflow incontinence QUESTION Which one of the following are clinical manifestations of hyperparathy- roidism? Answer: Renal calculi and osteoporosis QUESTION Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in clients with Cushing syndrome? Answer: Excessive production of glucocorticoids QUESTION A nurse educator is teaching a group of student nurses about the signs and symptoms of thyroid storm. Which findings will be included in the teach- ing? Answer: Fever, tachycardia and systolic hypertension QUESTION What skin change is caused by the release of histamines? Answer: Erythema QUESTION The nurse expects to assess for which symptoms in a client with atopic dermatitis? Answer: pruritus QUESTION Which disorder is characterized by swollen, painless lymph nodes most often in the neck and /or supraclavicular area? Answer: Lymphoma QUESTION Which type of cancer reveals the presence of reed Stemberg cells? Answer: - Hodgkin's lymphoma QUESTION clinical manifestations of interstitial cystitis Answer: Urinary frequency Suprapubic pain Dysuria QUESTION Clinical manifestations of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) include Answer: Uri- nary retention Overflow incontinence Erectile dysfunction QUESTION Which of the following conditions can result in cardiac tamponade? Answer: Large fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity causing compression of the heart QUESTION Which of the following is an example of a non-modifiable risk factor for dyslipidemia? Answer: Diabetes mellitus QUESTION A client arrives in the walk in clinic and has been identified to be at risk for hypertension. Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for this individual? Answer: Frequent intake of high sodium meals QUESTION A client is diagnosed with hypertension with no identifiable cause. This type of hypertension is known as which of the following? Answer: Primary hypertension QUESTION Valve stenosis results in which of the following alterations in blood flow through the heart? Answer: Valve stenosis results in which of the following alterations in blood flow through the heart? QUESTION A client is diagnosed with hypertension as a result of chronic renal failure and diabetes, the type of hypertension is likely to be? Answer: Secondary hypertension QUESTION Excess urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood is referred to as which of the following Answer: Azotemia QUESTION With severe kidney disease either hypokalemia or hyperkalemia may occur and cause which of the following? Answer: Cardiac arrhythmias QUESTION A client presents with the following arterial gas results pH=7.30, PaCo2 = 55 mm hg this would be classified as which acid/bases imbalance Answer: Respiratory acidosis QUESTION Which as typical signs and symptoms of epiglottis Answer: Sudden fever, sore throat and drooling saliva QUESTION A nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of respiratory alkalosis. Which pH finding would be consistent with the diagnosis? Answer: Altered level of consciousness QUESTION A client who has sustained a cervical spinal injury 2 days ago suddenly develops severe hypertension and bradycardia. The client reports severe head pain and blurred vision, what are the most likely cause for these clinical manifestations Answer: Developing autonomic dysreflexia QUESTION Loss of motor and sensory control of the trunk of the body and lower extremities are a result of spinal cord injury describes which of the follow- ing? Answer: Paraplegia QUESTION The nurse teaches the family of a client with a concussion to return to the emergency room if headache vomiting or blurred vision occurs. What may these symptoms indicate? Answer: Increased intracranial pressure QUESTION A child diagnosed with cerebral palsy presents to the pediatric clinic for a checkup. Based on the diagnosis, the nurse would expect to see which of the following clinical manifestations Answer: spacity and excessive drooling QUESTION Nuchal rigidity headache and photopia are symptoms of which of the following Answer: Meningitis QUESTION Which of the following statements are true regarding syphilis (Select all that apply) Answer: In severe cases it can cause problems with the cardiovascular system and aortic necrosis It can cause damage to the central nervous system and can cause blindness and mental deterioration It is caused by Treponema pallidum QUESTION Which of the following are clinical manifestations of pernicious anemia (Select all that apply) Answer: Anorexia Paresthesia of hands/feet Stomatitis QUESTION Which of the following statements are true about benign tumors? Answer: Benign tumors are more likely to resemble the tissue type of origin compared to malignant tumors QUESTION The steps of Carcinogenesis include which of the following? Answer: initiation, promotion and progression QUESTION Which of the following is an early common symptom of cancer? Answer: fatigue QUESTION Which is a clinical manifestation of myocarditis? Answer: Dyspnea QUESTION Which of the following is one of the earliest signs of decreased cardiac output? Answer: Oliguria QUESTION A client with heart failure is experiencing the backup of blood into the pulmonary circulation. What classification most accurately identifies this type of heart failure? Answer: Left-sided heart failure QUESTION Which of the following describes a clinical manifestation of pericarditis?- Answer: What are the significant signs of nephritic syndrome? Answer: Gross hematuria and urinary casts QUESTION Which of the following is the most frequent initial symptom of blood cancer? Answer: Painless hematuria QUESTION Which of the following are clinical manifestations of chronic kidney dis- ease Answer: Electrolyte imbalance QUESTION Which of the following describes a non-infectious chronic bladder condi- tion that causes pain and pressure Answer: Interstitial cystitis QUESTION Which of the following are signs of the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury Answer: Fluid volume excess Azotemia Electrolyte disturbances QUESTION Strong risk factors for colon cancer include which of the following Answer: Aging Crohn's disease Heredity QUESTION What are the clinical manifestation of hypothyroidism Answer: Bradycardia Weight gain Cold intolerance Constipation QUESTION Which of the following describes a dilated vein in the spermatic cord? Answer: - Varicocele QUESTION Which of the following may a client be at risk for if they have the human papillomavirus? Answer: Cervical cancer QUESTION Which of the following terms describes an abnormal rotation of the testes on the spermatic cord? Answer: Testicular torsion QUESTION Which if the following is the common cause of goiters out of the United States? Answer: Iodine deficiency QUESTION What is the primary cause of type 1 diabetes? Answer: Destruction of pancreatic beta cells by an autoimmune reaction QUESTION Which of the following explains the etiology of dwarfism Answer: A deficit of somatotropin QUESTION Which of the following is the most common cause of Cushing syndrome?- Answer: Ingestion of glucocorticoids QUESTION Which are the most common mechanisms controlling hormone release and regulation? Answer: Negative feedback loop Ascites QUESTION Which of the following describes the condition of acute gastritis Answer: Inflam- mation of the stomach's mucosal lining QUESTION A client with a history of stress ulcers presents to the emergency room with abdominal pain. Which of the following clinical manifestations of a stress ulcer should be provided to the provider immediately? Answer: Hematemesis QUESTION Which of the following will the nurse expect to find in individuals with hypopituitarism? Answer: Dwarfism QUESTION A client presents to the clinic with rapid breathing, flushed skin, and ketones present in the urine. Which disorder would the nurse suspect the individual is suffering from? Answer: Diabetic Ketoacidosis(DKA) QUESTION Which of the following 'Polys' occurs with type 1 diabetes? Answer: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia QUESTION The client with diabetes insipidus will present with which of the following physical findings? Answer: Increased urination QUESTION Which of the following conditions may cause immunosuppression? Answer: - Cushing syndrome QUESTION The client with hyperthyroidism will most likely present with which of the following physical findings Answer: Blurred vision and bulging eyes QUESTION Tachycardia and anxiety are often experienced by a client with which of the following endocrine disorders ? Answer: Graves' disease QUESTION Which of the following describes the condition where the foreskin cannot be retracted from the glans penis? Answer: Phimosis QUESTION The nurse is reviewing information regarding gonorrhea. Which of the following about gonorrhea is true? Answer: Clients with gonorrhea are contagious even if they have no outward symptoms QUESTION A client presents to the clinic reporting a thick, white vaginal discharge and intense vaginal itching. She stated that she recently completed a course of antibiotics for urinary tract infection. The nurse suspects the client has developed which of the following conditions? Answer: Candidiasis QUESTION Conditions that obstruct the flow of urine can lead to which of the follow- ing complications Answer: Hydronephrosis QUESTION Which of the following urinary conditions may be a result of an autoim- mune reaction Answer: Interstitial cystitis QUESTION Which client is most at risk for postrenal acute kidney injury? QUESTION Which of the following would cause a client to experience gout? Answer: Overpro- duction of uric acid QUESTION Which condition is a cause of rickets Answer: Vitamin D deficiency QUESTION Which is the best way to prevent transmission of infectious agents? Answer: Wash hands QUESTION normal range of sodium? Answer: 135-145 mEq/L QUESTION Which of the following is a systemic effect from an inflammatory response- Answer: Elevated temperature QUESTION Frequent respiratory infections steatorrhea and digital clubbing are clini- cal Answer: Cystic fibrosis QUESTION What is diffusion? Answer: The movement of particles from an area of high concentra- tion to an area of low concentration. QUESTION What is sepsis? Answer: toxic inflammatory condition QUESTION Which of the following is true about Hypoventilation? Answer: The PaCo2 exceeds 45 mm hg QUESTION Which of the following describes how the body compensates for metabolic acidosis? Answer: Increasing respirations QUESTION An otherwise healthy client has pneumonia. Which of the following should the nurse complete? Answer: Determine the respiratory rate QUESTION Laryngotracheobronchitis also known as croup manifests as which of the following Answer: Hoarse voice and barking cough