Conservation Crime: Key Questions and Answers for CMY3702, Exams of Biology

This resource provides a comprehensive collection of questions and answers focused on conservation crime, specifically designed for the cmy3702 course. It explores the definition of conservation crime, the illegal trade in endangered species, smuggling, and the significance of international conventions like CITES. Furthermore, it examines environmental, ecological, and green criminology, offering a balanced perspective on criminal activities targeting natural resources. Key topics encompass environmental pollution, including air, water, solid waste, hazardous waste, and noise pollution. The material also addresses the impact of these crimes on both humans and the environment, emphasizing the importance of public involvement and international cooperation in combating conservation crime, concluding with an analysis of transnational environmental conservation crime and its global implications.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 08/30/2025

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CMY3702: Chapter 3 -
Conservation crime
questions and answers
2025(graded A+)
conservation crime may be defined as - answer any intentional or neglect
human activity or manipulation that impacts negatively on the earths
biotic and/or abiotic natural resources , resulting in immediately
noticeable/indiscernible natural resource trauma of any magnitude
including the illegal trade in endangered species
illegal trade includes - answer the hunting capture, possession, import,
export or transport of endangered species of fauna and flora as well the
donation or receipt of such species as gifts
smuggling - answer the deceitful or unlawful import, export, trade or
production of scarce goods, alcohol beverages and precious stones
the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (or CITES). - answer concerned with the regulation and/or
prevention of trade in endangered species, both legal and illegal
The CITES strives to promote - answer the conservation of endangered
species but permits commerce in species of wildlife that can withstand
trade pressure
The Convention lists three categories of protection: - answer • Appendix I:
These species are the most endangered among CITES-listed animals and
plants. They are threatened with extinction and CITES prohibits
international trade in specimens of these species except when the
purpose of the import is not commercial (e.g. for scientific research).
• Appendix II: These species are not necessarily threatened with
extinction, but may become so unless trade is closely controlled.
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CMY3702: Chapter 3 -

Conservation crime

questions and answers

2025(graded A+)

conservation crime may be defined as - answer any intentional or neglect human activity or manipulation that impacts negatively on the earths biotic and/or abiotic natural resources , resulting in immediately noticeable/indiscernible natural resource trauma of any magnitude including the illegal trade in endangered species illegal trade includes - answer the hunting capture, possession, import, export or transport of endangered species of fauna and flora as well the donation or receipt of such species as gifts smuggling - answer the deceitful or unlawful import, export, trade or production of scarce goods, alcohol beverages and precious stones the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (or CITES). - answer concerned with the regulation and/or prevention of trade in endangered species, both legal and illegal The CITES strives to promote - answer the conservation of endangered species but permits commerce in species of wildlife that can withstand trade pressure The Convention lists three categories of protection: - answer • Appendix I: These species are the most endangered among CITES-listed animals and plants. They are threatened with extinction and CITES prohibits international trade in specimens of these species except when the purpose of the import is not commercial (e.g. for scientific research).

  • Appendix II: These species are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless trade is closely controlled.
  • Appendix III: Species in this category are conditionally tradable in order to help individual countries gain international cooperation in protecting their own native species. The South African Environment Conservation Act, 73 of 1989, defines the environment as - answer the aggregate of surrounding objects, conditions and influences that affect the life and habits of people or any other organism or collection of organisms the absence of a viable and accurately captioned conservation crime category and definition can probably be ascribed to the fact that - answer natural resources have traditionally been viewed somewhat myopically and dealt with under diverse and vague headings, including clichés such as ecological crime, green crime and/ or environmental crime Environmental criminology is currently the most commonly used term to describe - answer criminality directed at the natural environment. In criminological circles environmental criminology refers to - answer a growing field that explores how actual criminal events involve interaction between motivated individuals and the surrounding social, economic, legal and physical environments ecological criminology as being primarily associated with - answer the study of spatial patterns of crime in an urban context an ecological study allows researchers to transcend individuality and, through the collection of social data - answer gain a sense of the characteristics of large groups of people. Green criminology - answer describe the study of crime and its negative impact on natural resources Conservation criminology symbolises - answer a balanced approach and definitely does not favour any particular belief within the natural

Air pollution is of greater immediate concern than any other type of pollution because - answer without air (oxygen) we cannot live. causes of air pollution - answer rapid industrialisation, coal combustion and emissions from vehicle exhaust systems, fuel tanks and carburettors, and it particularly affects large cities Conservation crime takes cognizance of - answer the impact of such crimes on human beings as biotic entities and therefore part of the earth's biotic resources. conservation crime specifically focuses on - answer the effect of contamination crime on the natural resources asset base. pollution or contamination incidents that affect human beings will also - answer have a negative impact on some aspects of the natural environment. Intentional or negligent contravention of health regulations that impairs employee health should be classified under - answer a contemporary crime category such as white-collar or organised crime. Water pollution may be defined as - answer the contamination of water to such an extent that it alters the physical, chemical or biological properties of the water so that it becomes harmful or injurious to public health or safety, or to the life and health of animals, plants and aquatic organisms water pollution is usually the result of - answer urbanisation, industrialisation and waste disposal significant sources of water pollution - answer - Sewage and other oxygen- demanding waste contain decomposing organic matter and pathogenic agents.

  • Industrial waste contains toxic agents such as metal salts and complex synthetic and organic chemicals.
  • Oil pollution, whether due to nonchalant navigation or the intentional cleaning of ships' tanks at sea, may be considered one of the greatest pollution threats to South Africa's marine and contiguous coastal biota.
  • Acid drainage from mines is another serious form of industrial waste pollution.
  • Agricultural waste such as fertilisers, pesticides, biocides and other solid additives pollute the water system.
  • Thermal pollution is caused by chemical industries, fossil fuel and nuclear power plants that use copious amounts of water for cooling purposes and then return this water at a higher temperature to the river, lake or sea solid waste - answer comprises materials discarded by a community such as garbage, food waste, organic material, glass, tin cans, paper and ash Waste may be defined as - answer hazardous if it is highly flammable, corrodes easily, and is reactive and/or toxic in nature Hazardous waste includes - answer acids, toxic chemicals, explosives and other harmful or potentially harmful waste Air, water, solid and hazardous waste pollution can - answer destroy the environment, human life and cause serious illness, often many years after exposure to pollutants. When inhaled, carbon monoxide displaces the oxygen carried by the red blood cells to form carboxyhaemoglobin which - answer reduces the amount of oxygen carried to the body tissue. This dulls mental performance, slows reactions and makes people prone to accidents Sulphur dioxide causes - answer both temporary and permanent injury to the respiratory system, irritating the upper respiratory tract and lung tissue. A conservation crime that causes human trauma and/or mortality
  • sense of autonomy Transnational environmental conservation crime is truly global in scope - answer reflects broad socioeconomic processes and trends associated with globalisation. The following three issues were of particular concern pertaining waste - answer • The proliferation of e-waste generated by the disposal of tens of thousands of computers and other equipment
  • The safe disposal of old ships and aeroplanes, which likewise contain metals, chemicals and other contaminants
  • The illegal shipping to and dumping of hazardous waste materials in countries made vulnerable by weak regulatory or enforcement systems the biggest exporter of toxic waste in the world - answer USA Factors contributing to illegal trade in endangered species - answer - cultural causes
  • economic causes
  • corruption
  • inadequate law enforcement and legislation motivating factor contributing to conservation crime and illegal trade in endangered species - answer greed Conservation crime is often considered a victimless crime because - answer most of these crimes are not directed at a specific victim and are, in the main, not easily discernible. The real victims of environmental crime are - answer our descendants and future generations who will be faced with a natural resources legacy squandered

victims of illegal trade in endangered species may be divided into various categories - answer - government controlled national parks

  • private owners of endangered species
  • non governmental organisations
  • the species pragmatic examples of conservation crime prevention strategies - answer
  • Judicial system reform
  • Public awareness and marketing
  • Merging existing conservation agencies into a single unified body
  • Consolidating and rationalising conservation-related legislation
  • Amplifi cation of compliance management and support capacity
  • Informal control measures Which term can best be used to describe crime directed at natural resources? - answer conservation crime Which form of pollution is of greater immediate concern than any other type of pollution? - answer air pollution Which form of pollution is regarded as one of the oldest environmental problems, usually ascribed to urbanisation, industrialisation and waste disposal? - answer water pollution Which of the following constitute strategies for preventing and controlling illegal trade in endangered species? - answer religious and psychological programmes The illegal shipping and dumping of hazardous waste materials in Third World countries by First World countries is an example of which form of crime? - answer transnational conservation crime