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Cognition, Analogical Representations, Symbolic Representations, Mental Categories, Structure of Concepts, Problem Solving Strategies, Algorithms, Heuristics, Barriers to Problem Solving, Reasoning and Decision Making. Above given are few keywords from this lecture of Psychology course.
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A few years ago, you had a boyfriend named Steve. Now, you have a new boyfriend named Stephen. Because of _____, you sometimes call Stephen by Steve’s name.
Cognition = _____________
What is thinking?
Thinking = The manipulation of information mentally Concepts Problem solving Reasoning Decision making
Mental categories Categories Relations (“bigger than”) Qualities (“brightness”)
Subgoaling Create smaller goals
Algorithms
Heuristics
Bias Confirmation bias
Hindsight bias
Heuristics Representativeness heuristic Stereotypes
Availability heuristic
Judgments are based on ________________ information.
Cultures vary in ways they define intelligence.
In the US: all-purpose ability... to do well on cognitive tasks to solve problems to learn from experience
Culturally biased tests have favored people... From urban environments Of middle socioeconomic status Caucasians
Culture-Fair (or Culture-Reduced) Tests Intended to be culturally unbiased Or include ______________________ Raven Progressive Matrices
Genetic markers Locations for intelligence on chromosomes 4, 6, and 22
Heritability
Approximately 75% for intelligence
Flynn Effect Rapidly increasing IQ test scores since 1932 Likely due to changes in
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory
Analytical Intelligence Creative Intelligence Practical Intelligence
Form of communication based on system of symbols Infinite Generativity
Language and Cognition Language Cognition
Cognition Language
Language and thought related, but not part of single system
