Cognitivism fundamentals, Assignments of Philosophy

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COGNITIVISM

Presented by: Guinto, Rachelle Nadado, Joren Grace B.S.E – English III

Learning Outcomes:

❖ Describe the different gestalt principles.

❖ List ways of applying gestalt psychology in teaching learning process.

❖ Demonstrate appreciation of the usefulness of gestalt principles in the teaching- learning process.

Lesson Contents

❖ Definitions

❖ Gestalt Theory

❖ Gestalt Principles and the Teaching –

Learning Process

What is Cognitivism?

It refers to a class of learning theories

that are based on some sort of rational

information processing model of the

human mind.

What is Gestalt Theory?

Gestalt Theory

► It was initial cognitive response to behaviorism, it emphasized the importance of sensory wholes and the dynamic nature of visual perception.

► Emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts. That is, the attributes of the whole are not deducible from analysis of the parts in isolation. The word Gestalt is used in modern German to mean the way a thing has been “placed,” or “put together.” There is no exact equivalent in English.

Law of Proximity

► The Law of Proximity is

gestalt grouping law that

states elements that are

close together tend to be

perceived as a unified

group.

Law of Similarity

► The gestalt principle of similarity says that elements that are similar are perceived to be more related than elements that are dissimilar. Similarity helps us organize objects by their relatedness to other objects within a group and can be affected by the attributes of color, size, shape and orientation

Law of Good Continuation

► Individuals have the tendency

to continue contours

whenever the elements of the

pattern establish an implied

direction. People tend to draw

a good continuous line.

The law of Pragnanz

► The law of Pragnanz is sometimes referred to as the law of good figure or the law of simplicity. This law holds that objects in the environment are seen in a way that makes them appear as simple as possible.

Insight learning

► The idea of insight learning was developed by Wolfgang Kohler in which he described experiments with apes where the apes could use boxes and sticks as tools to solve problems.

► Insightful learning is also known as Gestalt learning which means that learning is concerned with the whole individual and arises from the interaction of an individual with his situations or environment. Through this interaction emerge new forms of perception, imagination and ideas which altogether constitute insight.

INFORMATION

PROCESSING

What is Information

Processing?

Information Processing

► It is a cognitive theoretical framework that focuses on how knowledge enters and is stored in and is retrieved from our memory.

► The information processing theory is based on the idea that humans actively process the information they receive from their senses, like a computer does. Learning is what is happening when our brains receive information, record it, mould it and store it.