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9 December Material Type: Notes; Class: Agricultural and Resource Economics (GT-SS1); Subject: Agricultural and Resource Economics; University: Colorado State University; Term: Fall 2010;
Typology: Study notes
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9 December Common property resources Like a fishery Rivalry – the consumption decisions by one individual affect another’s ability to consume E.g. if I drink Monster energy drink, you can’t drink that one Excludability – One individual can put up barriers to prevent others from consuming Rival? Excludable? Then… Yes Yes Soda Cars Backpacks “Private Goods” No Fish (ocean) Cattle grazing “Common Goods” No Yes Large tracts of land Property Telephone lines “Club Goods” No Public parks Solar power “Public Goods” Please do not confused common goods and public goods Common property resources Imagine a field. A guy has a cow he wants to put on the field so it can eat and grow This guy will continue to add cattle until MB = MC What if there are more cattle ranchers?
They all use fields until their MB = their MC. What if two guys want to use the same field? The second rancher imposes costs on the first rancher The cows eat each other’s grass The first rancher gets screwed, second rancher doesn’t care As a result, what do you think will happen relative to the social optimal level of cattle stocking? More than socially optimal If common good, it will tend to be over-consumed What can we do about this? Quota Licenses Public goods With common goods, we have over-consumption Public goods are non-excludable, but also non-rival What you do with them doesn’t affect anybody Why is this a problem? Nobody sees an individual incentive to pay E.g. National defense To consume it, we just stand around living Free-rider problem As a result, public goods tend to be under-provided Because the goods are non-rival, both can use a trail at the same time