COMPONENTS OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE, Assignments of Computer science

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Components

and working

of computers

ALU

MEMORY

CONTROL

INPUT OUTPUT

Computer Block diagram

INPUT – Information entered into the

computer using devices called input devices ex –

keyboard , mouse

ALU – Process the information

MEMORY – results & data are stored

CONTROL – Monitors the ALU & memory

CPU – ALU + MEMORY + CONTROL

OUTPUT – Displays the results ex- Monitor ,

printer

INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT

1.INTERNAL POWER SUPPLY

Converts AC(alternate current ) TO DC

(direct current)

Also known as smps – switched mode power

supply.Provides required voltage to all

internal components

2. EXHAUST FAN

Used to cool the smps unit

MICROPROCESSOR

Consists of ALU, Control unit and some special

purpose storage areas called registers.

ALU - Actual arithmetic and logic instructions are

executed here.

Registers - Stores intermediate results.

Control unit - gives ALU the required data to work.

Ex-Pentium I,II,…..

CLOCK CHIP

Provides the Timing signal for the

Components.

MEMORY

Two Types of internal memory

Random Access Memory

Read Only Memory

ROM



Contains permanently recorded instructions that are

important for starting up a computer



Ex-BIOS (Basic Input Output Services )



Instruction on ROM can be executed but can not be

changed.



Instructions are not erased when the power goes

off.



ROM is Non-volatile.

BUS

Communication Between Microprocessor

and Memory chips as well as other chips is

done through a set of wires.

Bus consists of a set of 8 wires for

carrying data is called DATA BUS

Bus consists of a set of 20 wires for

carrying address of the data is called

ADDRESS BUS.

STORAGE MEDIA

STORAGE MEDIA



Disks :

Disks :

Disks are rotating platters with a

Disks are rotating platters with a

mechanical arm that moves a read/write

mechanical arm that moves a read/write

head between the outer and inner edges of

head between the outer and inner edges of

the platter's surface

the platter's surface .

Eg.,

Eg., Magnetic disk

Magnetic disk

and

and

Optical disc

Optical disc

Magnetic Disk:

Magnetic Disk:

Fixed Hard disk

Fixed Hard disk

Floopy disk

Floopy disk

Zip Removable disk

Zip Removable disk

Tapes :

Tapes :

A sequential storage medium used

A sequential storage medium used

for data collection, backup and

for data collection, backup and

archiving. Like videotape,

archiving. Like videotape,

computer tape is made of flexible

computer tape is made of flexible

plastic with one side coated with a

plastic with one side coated with a

ferromagnetic material

ferromagnetic material

. Eg., . Eg.,

Magnetic tape

Magnetic tape

