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PARASITOLOGY COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
Instructions: Each section consists of items in rows and options in columns. For each item, select ONE option that is most closely associated with it. Each option in a section may be selected once, more than once, or NOT at all. A. 5 points
- Infection is acquired by ingestion of metacercaria in Pila conica (“kuhol”) or Vivipara javanicus (“suso”)
- Adult has unbranched ceca and highly dendritic testes in tandem in the posterior ½
- The oriental liver fluke
- May cause halzoun
- Chronic infection may be associated with cholangiocarcinoma a) Fasciola hepatica b) Clonorchis sinensis c) Dicrocoelium dendriticum d) Fasciolopsis buski e) Echinostoma ilocanum B. 5 points
- Trophozoites may be found in scrapings or biopsies of the skin or corneal ulcers
- Causes a rapidly fatal infection of the brain called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
- An intestinal commensal
- Attach to the mucosa of the small intestines and may be associated with steatorrhea
- Inhabits the colon where trophozoites may invade tissues causing ulcers and bloody diarrhea a) Entamoeba histolytica b) Naegleria fowleri c) Giardia lamblia d) Acanthamoeba species e) Entamoeba coli
option that is most closely associated with it. Each option in a section may be selected once, more than once, or NOT at all. C. 5 points
- Scolex is knoblike but not usually seen; has 4 suckers and short, retractable rostellum with single row of 20-30 hooks
- Scolex is 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter, has 4 suckers and conical/retractile rostellum with 1-7 circlets of hooks
- Scolex is spatulate with 2 slit-like sucking grooves
- Scolex is quadrate with 4 suckers but NO rostellum or hooks
- Scolex is 1 mm in diameter, quadrate, has 4 suckers and rostellum with double crown of 25-30 hooks a) Pork tapeworm b) Double-pored tapeworm c) Broad fish tapeworm d) Dwarf tapeworm e) Beef tapeworm D. 5 points
- Autoinfection common
- Man is the sole definitive host
- Adult lives in the intestines of dogs or other wild canines
- Human infection is rare due to its obligate requirement for arthropod vector
- Can cause intestinal obstruction and macrocytic anemia because of vitamin B12 deficiency, abdominal pain and weight loss a) Taenia saginata b) Hymenolepis diminuta c) Diphyllobothrium latum d) Hymenolepis nana e) Echinococcus granulosus
option that is most closely associated with it. Each option in a section may be selected once, more than once, or NOT at all. G. 5 points
- Proglottids are broader than long (0.22 x 0.85 mm) with unilateral genital pore
- Proglottids are squarish in outline; genital pore on the lateral edge generally arranged in irregular alternation on successive proglottids
- Rosette-shaped central uterus and central uterine pore near the genital pore
- 2 sets of reproductive organs with genital pores on each lateral edge
- Adult has 150-200 follicular testes and bilobed ovary with 1 small, central accessory lobe a) Dipylidium caninum b) Hymenolepis nana c) Taenia saginata d) Diphyllobothrium latum e) Taenia solium H. 5 points
- Biologic vectors are commonly referred to as the black flies
- Microfilariae are sheathed having angular curvatures with secondary kinks and two nuclei at the tip of tail
- Infection is acquired by ingestion of infected copepod in water
- Adults can be detected in excised skin nodules
- Commonly referred to as the eye worm a) Wuchereria bancrofti b) Loa loa c) Dracunculus medinensis d) Brugia malayi e) Onchocerca volvulus
option that is most closely associated with it. Each option in a section may be selected once, more than once, or NOT at all. I. 5 points
- Infective stage of Echinococcus granulosus to the human host
- Diagnosis of hydatidosis in humans is based on finding this developmental stage
- Developmental stage developing in the tissues of fish harboring Diphyllobothrium latum
- Infective stage of Taenia solium in cases of human cysticercosis
- Developmental stage of Taenia saginata in its intermediate host a) Hydatid cyst b) Cysticercus c) Embryonated egg d) Cysticercoid e) Plerocercoid J. 5 points
- Eggs are 50-60 μm in length and 20-32 μm in breadth and usually conspicuously flattened on one side
- Barrel- or football-shaped eggs with refractile prominences at each end
- Eggs are regularly oval, 56-60 μm long by 35-40 μm in breadth, the shell is thin and colorless
- Eggs are fully embryonated and are infective within a few hours of the time they are deposited
- Eggs are broadly ovoidal, measuring 45-75 μm by 35-50 μm with an outer covering that is albuminoid coat, usually stained a golden brown by bile a) Capillaria philippinensis b) Enterobius vermicularis c) Ascaris lumbricoides d) Ancylostoma duodenale e) Trichuris trichiura
option that is most closely associated with it. Each option in a section may be selected once, more than once, or NOT at all. M. 5 points
- NO cystic stage occurs
- Chromatoidal bodies are splinter-shaped with rough, pointed ends
- RBCs in trophozoites are diagnostic
- Nucleus is large, irregularly-shaped, centrally or eccentrically located; may appear “blotlike”; many nuclear variations are common
- Large, compact, well-defined mass, stains dark brown with iodine a) Entamoeba histolytica b) Entamoeba gingivalis c) Iodamoeba butschlii d) Entamoeba coli e) Endolimax nana N. 5 points
- Infected red cells are often ovoid and ragged
- Trophozoites are very amoeboid and mature schizont contains 12- 24 merozoites
- Trophozoites tend to extend from one side of the red cells to the other in a band
- The ring stages are small and delicate and commonly have two chromatin dots
- Only rings and gametocytes are seen in the peripheral blood a) Plasmodium falciparum b) Plasmodium malariae c) Plasmodium vivax d) Plasmodium ovale e) P. vivax and P. ovale
option that is most closely associated with it. Each option in a section may be selected once, more than once, or NOT at all. O. 5 points
- Causative agent of Kala-azar
- Intracellular in macrophages of the skin, and mucous membranes of the nose and buccal cavity
- Transmitted to man by reduviid bugs
- Causes sleeping sickness
- Causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans a) Typanosoma cruzi b) Leishmania donovani c) Leishmania tropica d) Trypanosoma brucei complex e) Leishmania braziliensis P. 5 points
- Baermann technique may be used in the laboratory diagnosis
- Definitive diagnosis is made by muscle biopsy
- Laboratory diagnosis is made by demonstration of larvae on wet mounts of fresh feces
- Routine stool examination reveals eggs in any clinically significant infection
- Diagnosis is made using cellulose tape swabs on the perianal skin a) Pinworm infection b) Whipworm infection c) Visceral larva migrans d) Trichinosis e) Strongyloidiasis
option that is most closely associated with it. Each option in a section may be selected once, more than once, or NOT at all. S. 5 points
- Cerebral malaria is the most serious complication
- Occurs commonly in both tropical and temperate zones
- The length of asexual cycle is 72 hours
- Occurs usually in West Africa, India, and South America
- Hyperparasitemia (as high as 50%) consequently results early in considerable degree of anemia a) Benign Tertian Malaria b) Ovale Tertian Malaria c) Quotidian Malaria d) Malignant Tertian Malaria e) Quartan Malaria T. 5 points
- 70 x 60 μm, more circular shape, yellowish, outer membrane forms moderately thick shell, and inner membrane has 2 polar thickenings but NO filaments, encloses a hexacanth embryo
- 31 x 43 μm, spheroidal egg, yellow-brown, thick, radially striated shell, and contains hexacanth embryo
- 44 x 35 μm, nearly spheroidal egg, pale, outer membrane forms thin- shell, and rigid inner membrane has 2 polar thickenings from w/c 4- 8 filaments arise, encloses a hexacanth embryo
- 25 - 40 μm, spherical, hyaline and thin-shelled egg, contains hexacanth embryo; 8-15 eggs enclosed in a membranous capsule
- 70 x 45 μm, ovoid, yellow-brown egg, contains bundant yolk granules, moderately thick-shelled with inconspicuous operculum and usually a small knob at the abopercular end a) Diphyllobothrium latum b) Hymenolepis nana c) Dipylidium caninum d) Taenia species e) Hymenolepis diminuta
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