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COMPTIA A+ 1101 Cards Questions and
Answers.
What does SATA stand for? - Correct answer Serial advanced technology connection What does PCI stand for? - Correct answer Peripheral component interconnect, legacy Type of communication of PCI? - Correct answer 32bit and 64bit parallel communication Voltage of PCI? - Correct answer 3.3V and 5V What is the NFC range? - Correct answer 4cm What does LCD stand for and how does it work? - Correct answer Liquid crystal display, light shines through liquid filters What are the types of LCD and what do they stand for? - Correct answer TN = twisted nemantic IPS = in plane switching VA = vertical alignment Difference between different LCD types? - Correct answer TN = better response time, bad wide angles, low power IPS = better colors, more expensive, good angles VA = best contrast, bad angles Different types of LCD backlights? - Correct answer CCFL = cold cathode fluorescent lamp LED
What is special about CCFL? - Correct answer Uses AC power when the computer requires DC, so need an inverter How many pins is USB-C? What makes it special? - Correct answer 24pins, can be used to transmit other signals (HDMI, DisplayPort) What was used before USB connectivity and with what kind of signal? How many pins? - Correct answer DB-9 cable with RS signal, 9pin What kind of stylus' are there? - Correct answer Capacitive stylus = touch pen Active stylus = apple pencil, can communicate independently of the screen What is the older type of headset connection? With what type of signal? - Correct answer 3.5mm TRRS (tip ring ring sleeve) with an analog signal What were the 2G networks? What did they stand for? - Correct answer GSM = global system for mobile communication CDMA = code division multiple access What companies used GSM and how did it work? - Correct answer AT+T and T-Mobile, has multiplexing What does multiplexing mean? - Correct answer Multiple data signals use the same channel without interference What companies used CDMA? How did it work? - Correct answer Verizon and Sprint, each person used a different code What was the purpose of 4G? What did it stand for? - Correct answer To combine GSM and CDMA, LTE = long term evolution
How does UDP work? - Correct answer No formal setup process, no confirmation of data sent, for real time communication Examples of UDP? - Correct answer DHCP = dynamic host config protocol TFTP = trivial file transfer protocol What are the different kinds of ports? - Correct answer Non- ephemeral (permanent port) = same port for the same service Ephemeral = client side port that changes What is a key fact about ports? About TCP and UDP using ports?
- Correct answer For communication, not security TCP and UDP can use the same port numbers at the same time FTP? - Correct answer File transfer protocol tcp/20 tcp/21 file transfer between systems Telnet? - Correct answer tcp/23 in the clear remote command console access SSH? - Correct answer Secure shell tcp/22 encrypted communication for command console SMTP? - Correct answer Simple mail transfer protocol tcp/25 only sending mail not receiving DNS? - Correct answer Domain name system udp/53 converts web addresses to IPs and vice versa DHCP? - Correct answer Dynamic host configuration protocol udp/67/68 assigns IP address settings to local machines
HTTP/HTTPS? - Correct answer Hypertext transfer protocol (secured) tcp/80 tcp/ POP3? - Correct answer Post office protocol v3 tcp/110 mail just on one device IMAP? - Correct answer Internet message access protocol v tcp/143 manage email from multiple clients SMB? - Correct answer Server message block tcp/445 Windows file sharing and printer sharing What is another name for SMB? - Correct answer CIFS = common internet file system NetBIOS? - Correct answer Network basic input output system udp/137 tcp/139 is not used anymore SNMP? - Correct answer Simple network management protocol Queries udp/ Traps udp/ What are queries and traps? - Correct answer Queries = seeing how the network is functioning over time Traps = Alerts with problems or changes What are the different SNMP versions? - Correct answer v1 = 1 query at a time in the clear v2 = bulk transfers in the clear v3 = message integrity added, auth, encryption LDAP? - Correct answer Lightweight directory access protocol tcp/389 Store and retrieve info in network directory
How does a patch panel work logistically? - Correct answer Connect everyone on the floor to a patch panel (permanent connection), have this panel connect with RJ45 connectors than you can change easily RJ45 connector? - Correct answer Ethernet connector How does proxying internet traffic work? - Correct answer Have an intermediary server that scans for malicious data from the internet before coming back to the client What are some traits of a proxy server? - Correct answer Access control, caching, URL filtering PoE? - Correct answer Power over ethernet, data and power in one cable Types of power sources for PoE? - Correct answer Endspan = power comes from the switch Midspan = in-line power that is injected between the device and the switch PoEaf 2003? - Correct answer 15.4W DC, 350mA max current PoE+at 2009? - Correct answer 225W DC, 600mA PoEbt 2018? - Correct answer Type 3 = 51W 600mA Type 4 = 71.3W 960mA What is a hub? Communication? - Correct answer Before switches, data goes into one port and is sent to all other ports, half-duplex
What does duplex mean? - Correct answer Data can be sent in both directions at the same time What is a cable modem? - Correct answer Copper cable connection for TV and internet, broadband connection, allows for the transmission of different data types across multiple frequencies DOCSIS? - Correct answer Data over cable service interface specification DSL? How does it work and distance? - Correct answer Digital subscriber line, telephone wire for internet, speed gets worse the farther away you get from the central office ADSL? - Correct answer Asymmetric digital subscriber line, because the download speed is greater than the upload speed ONT? - Correct answer Optical network terminal, fiber cable connects to box outside location to convert it to copper What is a demarcation point? Another name for it? - Correct answer Also called demarc, when the public network becomes your network NIC? - Correct answer Network interface card SDN? - Correct answer Software defined networking, taking switches, routers, etc. and making them software What are three layers of devices? - Correct answer Infrastructure layer = data plane of that device (forwarding, encrypting) Control layer = the brain (routing table, session table) Application layer/management = manage device using an API
What is OFDMA? - Correct answer Orthogonal frequency division multiple access, works like cellular to improve high density situations What is long range fixed wireless, and what is it called with a directional antenna? - Correct answer 2 buildings connected with 802.11 with an antenna, called a point to point connection RFID? How does it work? - Correct answer Radio frequency identification, using radar technology, radio energy powers a chip and therefore antenna NFC? What are the traits of NFC? - Correct answer Near field communication, mobile device can have a 2 way conversation with another device, short range with encryption support How do channels work with 802.11? - Correct answer Groups of frequencies are used with non-overlapping usage being ideal Traits about bluetooth? - Correct answer Uses 2.4GHz band, the unlicensed ISM band What does ISM stand for? - Correct answer Industrial scientific medical What does the DNS do? Who runs it? - Correct answer Converts web address names to IP addresses and vice versa, usually managed by ISP or IT enterprise What is the DHCP and where is it located? - Correct answer Automatic IP config and is on most home routers What is a file server? - Correct answer Centralized storage device for any type of files
What are the Windows and Apple file servers? - Correct answer SMB = server message block AFP = apple filing protocol What is a print server? - Correct answer Hardware or software so everyone can print What are the standard printing protocols? - Correct answer SMB = server message block IPP = internet printing protocol LPD = line printing daemon What is a Syslog? - Correct answer Standard for message logging so you can see what is happening with all the servers SIEM? - Correct answer Security information and event manager, the central logging server What is a web server and how does it work? - Correct answer Server to respond to browser requests, the web page is stored on the server and downloaded to the browser What is the standard web browsing protocol and code? - Correct answer HTTP/HTTPS is the standard protocol, HTML/HTML5 is the language of how the page is built Authentication server? - Correct answer The same login being used for multiple servers is managed here Spam server? - Correct answer Unsolicited messages sent here Spam gateway? - Correct answer Email is sent to the firewall to be screened in the spam subnet before it reaches the user
SCADA/ICS? Fact? - Correct answer Supervisory control and data acquisition system, industrial control system, so you can control machines with a computer, usually segmented from the rest of the network What is an embedded device? Fact? - Correct answer Purpose build device, usually with no access to command console IoT? - Correct answer Internet of things, fridge, thermostat How long is a IPv4 address? - Correct answer 8bits.8bits.8bits.8bits, so 4 bytes long How long is a IPv6 address? - Correct answer 16bitsx8 = 128bits What are the different parts of a IPv6 address? - Correct answer The first 64bits is the network address, the second 64 is the host address What is needed for IP networking? - Correct answer Each device needs a unique IPv4 address and subnet mask What is a subnet IP? - Correct answer IP used by the local device to determine what subnet it is on, not transmitted across the network What is the purpose of the default gateway? - Correct answer To route outside your subnet BOOTP? - Correct answer Bootstrap protocol, allowed some IP config, no idea when the device leaves the network What is DORA? - Correct answer DHCP IP assignment steps that happen every time a device connects
What are the steps of DORA? - Correct answer D = discover = device broadcasts to find DHCP server O = offer = DHCP offers IP as a broadcast to the device R = request = device requests that IP offered A = accept = DHCP accepts offer and device is assigned IP Why would you want a DHCP reservation? - Correct answer Can config IP on the DHCP server rather than have to do each device APIPA? - Correct answer Automatic private IP addressing, when the DHCP isn't available What IPs are reserved for local IPs? - Correct answer .0 -. ARP? - Correct answer Address resolution protocol that associates IP address with MAC address How does a DNS hierarchy work? - Correct answer What are the DNS lookup tools? - Correct answer In the command console, dig website name, nslookup website name What is an important feature of DNS servers? - Correct answer RR, resource records RR A? AAAA? - Correct answer Address records for IPv4 and IPv6, defines the IP address for the host and translates to domain name How does IP assigning look in DNS code? - Correct answer website name IN A IP address What does TIL mean? - Correct answer Time to live, how long the device caches the DNS info
What is a lease? - Correct answer IP lease, meaning the device only has the assigned IP address for a certain amount of time before it has to check back in with the DHCP How does a reservation work? - Correct answer Device will always get the same IP and the IP isn't ever dynamically assigned, based on device MAC address What are the DHCP renewal stages? - Correct answer T1 timer = after 50% of lease time, device will check with DHCP for full time RENEWAL T2 timer = DHCP was down for T1, 87.5% of the lease time will check in for REBINDING with DHCPq What is a VPN? - Correct answer Virtual private network for encrypting data while traversing a public network What is a concentrator? - Correct answer Encrypts and decrypts data for a VPN, often found in the firewall What is satellite networking? - Correct answer Non-terrestrial communication, often expensive What are statistics for satellite networking? - Correct answer 50Mbits download, 3Mbits upload, 250ms latency, 2GHz What is rain fade? - Correct answer When the satellite loses its line of sight when raining What are characteristics of optical fiber? - Correct answer Uses frequencies of light, high speed long distance, expensive compared to copper, secure/interference resistant because cannot be tapped with RF
Speed of DOCSIS? - Correct answer 50Mbits - 1000Mbits What is tethering? - Correct answer Connecting to a phone via a cable to use the cellular network for access What is WISP? - Correct answer Wireless internet service provider, for rural locations, with an outdoor antenna How is a WAN connecred? - Correct answer Point to point serial connections, MPLS, terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication What does MPLS mean? - Correct answer Multiprotocol label switching, connecting a WAN by using other connections along the way, providing a path MAN? - Correct answer Metropolitan area network, larger than a LAN smaller than a WAN SAN? - Correct answer Storage area network What are cable crimpers? - Correct answer Pinches connector on cables, like for RJ What is a WiFi analyzer? - Correct answer Used to understand frequencies on the network, which frequencies are used and open, used to find best antenna locations and if there is interference What is a tone generator/probe? - Correct answer Used to find which cable you want, generator attached to one end then probe to find the sound What is a punch down tool? Important fact? - Correct answer Used to punch wire into a punch down block, make sure you have the key for the block
10GBASE-T? - Correct answer Ethernet standard Cat6 = unshielded 55m shielded 100m Cat6a = 100m What is a coaxial cable? Type of cable? - Correct answer Two or more forms of communication sharing a common standard (TV cable), RG-6 cable common with F connector What is the anatomy of a coaxial cable? - Correct answer Plastic jacket > metal shielding >dielectric insulator > wire conductor What is meant by plenum vs non-plenum? - Correct answer Plenum = the air space above drop down ceilings (often cabling done here) Need to have special cables if you don't have forced air return otherwise toxic gas from fire What is the traditional cable jacket? - Correct answer PVC = polyvinyl chloride What are fire rated cable jackets? Fact? - Correct answer FEP = fluorinated ethylene polymer PVC = low smoke polyvinyl chloride Not as flexible What are the types of twisted pair? - Correct answer UTP = unshielded twisted pair (most common) STP = shielded twisted pair (for interference prevention) What is special about shielded twister pairs? - Correct answer Need a grounding wire Ethernet cable type abbreviations? - Correct answer U = unshielded
S = braided shield F = foil shield How does the labeling system work for types of ethernet cables? - Correct answer Ex: Braided shield around all of the cable and foil around the pairs? S/FTP What is a conduit? - Correct answer Something that the cable runs through, like for outside How would you run ethernet cables outside? - Correct answer Direct burial STP, which has waterproofing and waterproof gel Anatomy of direct burial STP? - Correct answer With optional waterproof gel Anatomy of optical fiber? - Correct answer LED on one end receiver on another Buffer coating > cladding > core What do the components of optical fiber cables do? - Correct answer Core = has a high refractive index Cladding = low refractive index (light won't bounce) Buffer coating = protection What is at the end of a fiber cable? - Correct answer Ferrule = a large ceramic protector What are the different types of optical fiber? - Correct answer Multimode = short range, inexpensive, multiple reflections (modes) because the fiber is wide enough Single mode = long range, expensive light source (laser), single mode with no bouncing
