Comptia A+ exam 220-1001 Study Guide., Exams of Computer Science

Download Comptia A+ exam 220-1001 Study Guide. and more Exams Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity! Comptia A+ exam 220-1001 Study Guide. Blanking plate - ✔ A metal strip to cover unused slots in a computer case. Open slots disrupt airflow in the pc FRU - ✔ Field Replaceable Unit: A component that is easily user-replacable. mobo - ✔ motherboard - houses the chipset, memory, and expansion slots. Its attached to the case using standoffs ATX - ✔ Advanced Technology Extended - ATX motherboards are 12 X 9.6 inches wide, and contain up to 7 expansion slots Micro-ATX - ✔ Micro-ATX motherboards are 9.6 inches square and contain up to 4 expansion slots Mini-ITX - ✔ Mini-ITX motherboards are 6.7 inches square with one expansion slot RAM - ✔ Random Access Memory - Volatile memory in a computer that holds program code and data volatile memory - ✔ Storage (such as RAM chips) that is wiped clean when power is cut off from a device. DIMM - ✔ dual inline memory module - motherboard sockets for RAM Northbridge Chipset - ✔ The Northbridge chipset deals with the communication between the CPU, the memory, Southbridge Chipset - ✔ The Southbridge chipset manages all onboard peripheral devices such as USB CMOS battery - ✔ A Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor battery is used to power the real time clock bus - ✔ The paths, or lines, on the motherboard on which data, instructions, and electrical power move from component to component. traces - ✔ tiny wires on the motherboard running between components local bus - ✔ a bus system that connects core components such as the CPU, memory, and system controllers expansion bus - ✔ a bus on the motherboard used to connect peripheral devices as well as expansion cards that use PCI and PCIe PCI - ✔ Peripheral Component Interconnect Bus/Connection that connects hardware peripherals. The slots are designed for 5 volt cards, 3 volt cards, or both riser card - ✔ A card that plugs into a motherboard and allows for expansion cards to be mounted parallel to the motherboard. Expansion cards are plugged into slots on the riser card. PCIe - ✔ PCI Express. A bus architecture that uses point-to- point serial communication between each component. The connections are made via a switch which can prioritize data flow link - ✔ The point to point connection in a PCIe bus lane - ✔ 2 pairs of of wires(4 in total) in PCIe bus architecture. One pair receives data the other transmits. Can transfer up to 250 mb in either direction storage bus - ✔ An expansion bus dedicated to communicating with storage devices such as hard disks, solid state drives, and optical drives IDE - ✔ Integraded Drive Electronics - old bus standard for attaching internal storage devices SCSI - ✔ Small Computer System Interface. An old set of standards used to connect peripherals to computers. Commonly used for SCSI hard disks and/ or tape drives. Uses 50 pin, 68 pin , or 80 pin connectors with data rates up 320 mbs SATA - ✔ Serial Advanced Technology Attachment - A bus standard uses a 7 pin connector and can attach a single device. Normally used for hard drives. Cables can be up to 1m long USB 2.0 - ✔ 480 Mbps USB 3.0 - ✔ 5 Gbps USB 3.1 SuperSpeed+ - ✔ 10 Gbps USB 3.2 - ✔ 20 Gbps USB - ✔ Universal Serial Bus Can have up to 127 devices. 5m max cable length for high speed devices, and 3m max cable length for low speed devices native resolution - ✔ Resolution of an LCD display that produces the best display quality. refresh rate - ✔ The speed at which a monitor redraws an image. It is measured in hertz Frame Rate - ✔ the number of times an image on a video screen changes per second measured in frams per second (fps) response rate - ✔ Time taken for a pixel to change color. It is measured in milliseconds. Long response rates lead to image ghosting luminescence - ✔ perceived brightness of a display. TFTs are between 200-300 cd/m2 for home entertainment. 500 cd/m2 or better for gaming contrast ratio - ✔ The measure of luminance of white compared to black. Illuminance - ✔ light projecting power measured in lumens VGA - ✔ Video Graphics Array - a standard for the resolution and color depth of computer displays. 640 X 480 with 16 colors at 60 Hz SVGA - ✔ super video graphics array 800 X 600 4bit or 8bit color XGA - ✔ extended graphics array, 1024 x 768 VGA port - ✔ 15 pin analog video port that used to be the standard for analog video interface for PCs DVI - ✔ Digital Visual Interface - designed for flat panel display equipment DVI-I - ✔ Supports both analog and digital signals DVI-A - ✔ Only supports analog equipment DVI-D - ✔ Only supports digital DVI single link vs dual link - ✔ single link bandwidth is 3.7Gbps dual link bandwidth is 7.4 Gbps DVI-A does not apply HDMI - ✔ High Definition Multimedia Interface - The most widely used graphical interface HDMI 1.4 - ✔ supports 4k resolution and 100mbps ethernet HDMI 2.1 - ✔ supports 48Gbps bandwidth and up to 10k at 120Hz HDMI 1.3 - ✔ mini HDMI (type C) connector for use on portable devices such as camcorders micro HDMI connector - ✔ A smaller version of the HDMI connector that is even smaller than the mini-HDMI. Display Port - ✔ an alternative to DVI that also supports HDMI that uses a 24 pin connector DVI to HDMI adapter - ✔ This adapter is used to connect an HDMI monitor to a DVI port. clock speed - ✔ Basic measure of GPU performance Shader Units - ✔ These units perform calculations to allow for 3D shading Frame Rates - ✔ Basic test for gpu performance API - ✔ Application Programming Interface - DirectX - Microsoft specification also specifies sound and multimedia APIs OpenGL - Developed by Silicon Graphics DSP - ✔ Digital Signal Processor - a chip which contains one or more DACs DAC - ✔ Digital to Analog Converter-converts a digital signal from a cpu to an analog signal that can drive speakers Audio in (light blue) - ✔ An audio input for tape decks, video players, tuners, cd players etc. Audio out (lime) - ✔ An audio output for powered speakers or headphones Audio out (black) - ✔ Audio output signal for surround speakers Audio out (orange) - ✔ Audion output signal for a subwoofer S/PDIF - ✔ Sony-Philips digital interface format—a single-pin RCA phone jack, or a fiber optic cable used for carrying digital data for surround-sound speaker systems MIDI - ✔ Musical Instrument Digital Interface - an interface used to play synthesizers and drum machines 1 mega pixel - ✔ on screen viewing only 1-2 mega pixels - ✔ on screen viewing and small prints up to 7 inches 3 mega pixels - ✔ Larger prints up to 12 inches 4 - 8 mega pixels - ✔ Poster prints (30 inches and larger) Audio input (pink) - ✔ Input for a microphone POST - ✔ Power On Self Test No beep - ✔ Something is wrong with the power supply or the motherboard one short beep - ✔ No problems with POST 2 short beeps - ✔ Post error that will be shown on screen continuous beep - ✔ There is a problem with the power supply, motherboard, or system memory repeating short beeps - ✔ There is a problem with the power supply, motherboard, or keyboard 1 long beep followed by a short beep - ✔ There is a problem with the motherboard 1 long beep followed by two short beeps - ✔ There is a problem with the display adapter 3 long beeps - ✔ There is a problem with the keyboard card network - ✔ Two or more computers connected together by some form of transmission medium that allows them to share information. LAN - ✔ Local Area Network - a self contained network that spans a small area, such as a single building or floor. (Network where the nodes are 1-2km of distance from eachother is local WAN - ✔ Wide Area Network - Spans multiple geographic locations CAN - ✔ Campus Area Network - a LAN that spans multiple nearby buildings MAN - ✔ Metropolitan Area Network - a network that spans a city or municipality DDR3 - 1600/PC3-12800 - ✔ Ram with a double data rate of 1600 MT/s and a nominal transfer rate of 12.8Gbps memory module - ✔ A printed circuit board that holds a group of memory chips that act as a single unit DIMM - ✔ Dual In-Line Memory Module - DDR DIMM contains 184 pins DDR2 DIMM contains 240 pins DDR3 DIMM contains 240 pins DDR4 DIMM contains 288 pins (DDR2 and DDR3 are not compatible despite having the same amount of pins) SODIMM - ✔ small outline dual inline memory module for laptops DDR SODIMM contains 200 pins DDR2 SODIMM contains 200 pins DDR3 SODIMM contains 204 pins DDR4 SODIMM contains 260 pins Single Channel Memory - ✔ There is only one 64 bit bus between the ram and the cpu Dual-Channel Memory - ✔ Two seperate 64 bit pathways create 128 bits of data transfer per channel. One channel is comprised of two sockets for 64 bit memory modules. The memory modules have to be identical Parity Checking RAM - ✔ a data transmission control in which the receiving device recalculates the parity bit to verify accuracy of transmitted data ECC RAM - ✔ Error Checking and Correcting Memory - It can detect internal data errors and make corrections so long as the error is no larger than a single bit Common size of a desktop hard drive - ✔ 3.5 inches Common size of laptop hard drive - ✔ 2.5 and 1.8 inches HDD Hight performance RPMs - ✔ 15,000 RPMs or 10,000 RPMs HDD Average performance RPMs - ✔ 7,200 RPMs or 5400 RPMs S.M.A.R.T. - ✔ self-monitoring, analysis, and reporting technology - This passes information to monitoring software and can make you aware when a hard drive is about to fail access time - ✔ the time it takes an HDD device to locate its stored data Internal transfer rate - ✔ A measure of how fast read/write operations are performed on disk platters 15,000 rpm HDD 180Mbps 7,200 rpm HDD 110Mbps External Transfer Rate - ✔ How fast data can be transfered from the CPU across the BUS MTBF - ✔ Mean Time Between Failures - the number or hours a device should operate between failers HBA - ✔ Host Bus Adapter - Connects a host system (the computer) to other network and storage devices. SSHD - ✔ Solid State Hybrid Drive - a drive in which the ssd functions as a large cache containing data that is accessed frequently. The magnetic desk is only used for non cached data PATA - ✔ Parallel Avanced Technology Attachment - former principle mass storage interface for PCs (also referred to as IDE Integrated Drive Electronics) DVD - ✔ Digital Versatile Disc - mainstream storage format for consumer multimedia transfer rate of 1.32Mbps (up to 24x or 31.68Mbps) Compact Disc storage capacity - ✔ 700 mb ROM - ✔ Read Only Memory Blu-Ray Disc - ✔ Format for distributing consumer media with a transfer rate of 4.5Mbps (up to 16X or 72Mbps) Single layer, single sided DVD - ✔ 4.7 GB capacity Dual layer, single sided DVD - ✔ 8.5 GB capacity Single layer, double-sided DVD - ✔ 9.4 GB capacity Dual Layer, double-sided DVD - ✔ 17.1 GB capacity DVD region 1 - ✔ Canada and the US DVD region 0 - ✔ no coding, playback not restricted Blu-ray disc Region A - ✔ America, Japan, South East Asia DVD audio - ✔ 8.5 GB capacity CD transfer rate - ✔ 150 Kbps (52x or 7Mbps) BD-R - ✔ Blu-ray Disc Recordable BD-RE (Blu-ray Disc-REwritable) - ✔ Blu-ray Disc equivalent of the rewritable DVD, allows writing and rewriting several times on the same BD. (See Blu-ray Disc.) flash memory - ✔ Non-volatile memory to store program code SD card - ✔ Secure Digital card 2GB, 32GB, 2 TB mini-SD - ✔ smallest of the SD cards but uses the same capacity and speed specifications Micro SD card - ✔ smallest of the SD cards but uses the same capacity and speed specifications Blu-ray disc single layer - ✔ 25GB capacity Blu-ray disc dual layer - ✔ 50 GB capacity CF - ✔ Compact Flash - a type of memory card only used in used in olympus cameras that has been discontinued MBR - ✔ Master Boot Record - an area on the first sector of the first partition of the hard disk that contains information about paritions on the hard disk as well as code that locates the active boot sector GPT - ✔ GUID partition table is a newer partition type that is used to create drives larger than 2 TB.( can also create more partitions than MBR GUID - ✔ Globally Unique ID Disk Defragmentation - ✔ a process where disk contents are moved around to maximize disk performance Common access keys for BIOS - ✔ Esc, Del, F1, F2, F10 Boot Sequence - ✔ The order in which the BIOS will search devices for an operating system to start. power management - ✔ In BIOS, enables features such as soft power on/off, power saving modes, and hibernation Switch - ✔ A device that uses microsegmentation to connect nodes and manage data transmission in a single network unmanaged switch - ✔ A switch that requires no configuration but cannot be configured for advanced functionality like a managed swtich IEEE 802.3af - ✔ Standard for PoE - Powered devices can draw up to 13w IEEE 802.3at - ✔ Standard for PoE+ - Powered devices can draw up to 25w PSE - ✔ Power Sourcing Equipment - PoE enabled switches IEEE1901 - ✔ Ethernet over Powerline standard 802.11a - ✔ 54 Mbps - 5 GHz 802.11b - ✔ 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz 802.11g - ✔ 54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz 802.11n - ✔ may use either the 2.4-GHz or 5-GHz frequency range with speeds up to 600 Mbps (backwards compatible with a,b,g) 802.11ac - ✔ 1.7Gbps at 5GHz 802.11 - ✔ standard for wireless LANs (Wi-Fi) 2.4 GHz - ✔ - longer wave length - better at penetrating solid surfaces - doesn't support a high number of channels - often congested and high interference 5 GHz - ✔ - less effective at penetrating solid surfaces - less effective range - supports more channels - less congestion and interference MIMO - ✔ Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output - AxB:C where A is the number of transmit antennas, B is the number of receive antennas, and C is the number of simultaneous transmit and receive streams infrastructure mode - ✔ It means that each client device connects to the network via an access point BSSID - ✔ Basic Service Set Identifier - MAC address of the Access Point ESS - ✔ Extended Service Set BSS grouped together ad hoc mode - ✔ Decentralized wireless network mode, otherwise known as peer-to- peer mode. PAN - ✔ Personal Area network - using wireless technology to connect to devices within a few meters ie: printers, smartphones, speakers, headsets port 20/port 21 - ✔ - The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) - Allows a client to upload and download files from a server - TCP - ftp-data (Port 20) ftp (Port 21) port 22 - ✔ - SSH (Secure Shell) - Uses encryption to protect administration and file transfer sessions (supposed to replace programs such as Telnet and FTP) - TCP - ssh port 23 - ✔ - Telnet - command line terminal emulation protocol and program - TCP - telnet port 25 - ✔ - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) SMTP is used for two primary functions, it is used to transfer mail (email) from source to destination between mail servers and it is used by end users to send email to a mail system. - TCP - smtp port 53 - ✔ - Domain Name System (DNS) - Resolves names to IP addresses - TCP/UDP - domain port 67 - ✔ - BOOTP/DHCP Server - UDP - bootps port 68 - ✔ - BOOTP/DHCP Client - UDP - bootpc port 80 - ✔ - HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) - used for transferring web pages - TCP - http port 110 - ✔ - Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) - TCP - pop3 port 123 - ✔ - Network Time Protocol (NTP) - UDP - ntp Port 137-139 - ✔ - NetBIOS over TCP/IP - only supported in pre windows 2000 legacy systems - UDP/TCP - netbt port 143 - ✔ - IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) - TCP - imap4 port 161 - ✔ - Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) - a framework for management and monitoring network devices - UDP - snmp port 389 - ✔ - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol(LDAP) - a protocol used to query and update an X.500 directory - TCP - ldap port 427 - ✔ - SLP (Service Location Protocol) - TCP - slp port 443 - ✔ - HTTP-Secure (HTTPS) - TCP - https port 445 - ✔ - Server Message Block/Common Internet file system(SMB) - protocol for file and printer sharing on windows networks - TCP - smb port 548 - ✔ - Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) - Similar to SMB but for Apple networks and MacOS - TCP - afp port 3389 - ✔ - Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) - TCP -can block or accept traffic on the bases or source or destination address -filter by protocol type(TCP,UDP,ICMP) -filter by source and destination of port numbers ACL - ✔ Access control list- a list of rules for filtering traffic via IP address, protocol type, or port number Port 3389 - ✔ RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) Remote Settings location - ✔ System Properties NLA - ✔ Network Level Authentication - protects user against denial of service attacks MSTSC - ✔ opens a Remote Desktop connection in command line Telnet - ✔ A command line terminal emulation protocol and program on port 23 SSH - ✔ Secure Shell is a network protocol for secure transfer of data between computers. (port 22) RSSI - ✔ Received Signal Strength Indicator - if signal strength is weak it will reduce the adapter bandwidth to increase reliability. If it is too weak it'll drop the connection Wi-Fi Analyzer - ✔ Indentifies nearby networks that can be causing interference, and measures signal strength ipconfig - ✔ Displays ip address, subnet mask, default gateway. ipconfig /all - ✔ Displays DHCP and DNS servers, MAC address, and NetBIOS status ipconfig /release - ✔ Releases the IP address obtained from a DHCP server so network adapters will no longer have an IP address ipconfig /displaydns - ✔ displays all cached dns entries in a windows system ipconfig /flushdns - ✔ Clears the DNS resolver cache ifconfig - ✔ Unix and linux utility that performs a similar function as Window's ipconfig -doesn't show default gateway ping - ✔ a command line tool used to test whether a host can communicate with another host on the same network or on a remote network ICMP - ✔ Internet Control Message Protocol - protocol used by ping ping -a 192.168.1.1 - ✔ This will return the host name for that IP address tracert - ✔ A command that determines the route data takes to get to a particular destination. netstat - ✔ Tool used to investigate open ports and connections on a local host netstat -a - ✔ displays all the connections and listening ports netstat -b - ✔ shows the process that opened the port netstat -n - ✔ displays ports and addresses in numerical format (skipping name resolution speeds up query) MFD - ✔ multi-function device - includes printer, scanner, fax, and copier functions in one device laser printer phases - ✔ 1.) processing 2.) charging 3.) exposing 4.) developing 5.) trasnfering 6.) fusing 7.) cleaning processing - ✔ page is transfered to the memory of the laser printer charging - ✔ prepare the drum with a negative electrostatic charge via corona wire expose - ✔ write the image to the drum with the laser developing - ✔ add negatively charged toner to the imaging drum via developer roller transferring - ✔ move the toner from the drum to the paper via high voltage transfer roller fusing - ✔ fuses the image to the paper with heat and pressure via the fuser assembly cleaning - ✔ remove any excess toner on photosensative drum using a cleaning blade, remaining charge is removed with a discharge lamp CMYK - ✔ Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black direct thermal printer - ✔ a thermal printer that uses heated pins to form images directly onto specially coated thermal paper. (commonly used on bar codes and receipts) 3D printer components - ✔ -Print Bed/Build Plate -Bed/Build surface -Extruder -Gears/Motors/Motion control -fan PDL - ✔ Page Description Language. Code that describes the contents of a document in a language that the printer can understand. Printer log location - ✔ Event Viewer->Applications and Services->Microsoft- >Windows->Print Service->Operational broadband - ✔ A high-speed Internet connection that is always connected DSL - ✔ Digital Subscriber Line. A method of connecting to the Internet via a phone line. Uses a filter to seperate dsl traffic and voice traffic PTSN - ✔ Public Switched Telephone Network ISDN - ✔ Integrated services digital network - dial up technology that sends digital signals over phone lines to provide voice, video and data services. Max rate of 128kbps. WISP - ✔ wireless internet service provider - a company that offerse wireless internet using line of sight communication SIM - ✔ Subscriber Identity Module. A small smart card that contains programming and information for small devices such as cell phones. 3G - ✔ Third generation wireless communication technology allows high speed wireless data transfer up to 20Mbps 4G - ✔ max bandwith of 40gbps 2G - ✔ 14.4kbps router - ✔ a device responsible for moving data around a network of networks. It also divides large local networks into logical subnetworks modem - ✔ Makes a physical network link with the ISP's network VLAN - ✔ Virtual Local Area Network - logical subnetworks Network Interface Layer - ✔ Responsible for putting frames onto the physical network Internet Layer - ✔ responsible for addressing, packaging, and routing messages on the Internet