Download Understanding Computational Grids: Motivation, Definition, and Characteristics - Prof. Ala and more Study notes Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity!
Computational
Grids
Derived from: “The Anatomy of the Grid”, Foster, Kesselman and Tuecke “Grids: The Top Ten Questions”, Schopf, Nitzberg “What is The Grid ?”, Foster “Computational Grids”, Foster and Kesselman
Nitin Madnani, [email protected] 2
OutlineOutline
Motivation
Defining a Grid
Is a grid?
Grids in the Wild
Last Six Years
Take Home Lessons
References
3
MotivationMotivation
Group of participants
Varying degrees of prior relationship
Mutually Distrustful
Need to share resources to perform a task
Direct access to software, data, sensors and
computers
Sharing subject to a set of constraints
What, Who, When etc.
Dynamic sharing relationships
4
Motivation (Motivation (contdcontd))
Biochemists exploit 10,000 computers to screen 100,
compounds in an hour
1,000 physicists worldwide pool resources for petaop
analyses of petabytes of data
Civil engineers collaborate to design, execute & analyze
shake-table experiments
Climate scientists visualize, annotate, & analyze terabyte
simulation datasets
An emergency response team couples real time data,
weather model, population data
5
Motivation (Motivation (contdcontd))
Regular distributed computing
Cannot coordinate across multiple sites
Cannot accommodate multiple resource types
Offers limited form of sharing
Needs centralization
Not good enough
6
Enter the GridEnter the Grid
Introduced in mid 90s
Distributed computing for “Big Science”
Hardware/Software Infrastructure
Pools resources to provide computing that is:
Dependable
Consistent
Inexpensive
Pervasive
7
What exactly is a grid ?What exactly is a grid?
Funding Concept/Marketing Slogan
Need for a clear definition
The red-blue cluster is NOT a grid.
Architecture is not as important
Is there a checklist?
8
The Grid ChecklistThe Grid Checklist
Collaboration
Computation- and data-rich environments
Coordination of heterogeneous resources across domains
No local management
Standard/Open Interfaces & Protocols
Not application specific
Guarantees Quality of Service (QoS)
Response Time, Throughput, Availability
Transparent to users
9
Virtual OrganizationsVirtual Organizations
Set of individuals defined by sharing rules
Dimensions
Number & type of participants
Resources being shared
Types of activities
Examples:
Storage Service Providers
SETI@HOME participants
Members of a High-Energy Physics Consortium
10
Illustrative ExampleIllustrative Example
11
Is a grid ?Is a grid?
X = Cluster Management Systems
QoS Guarantees [ Yes ]
Distributed Resources [ Yes ]
De-centralized Coordination [ No ]
Standard/Open Protocols [ No ]
Verdict: Not a grid. A resource.
Examples
Sun Grid Engine
Veridian Portable Batch System
12
Is a grid? (Is a grid? (contdcontd))
X = The Web
QoS Guarantees [ No ]
Distributed Resources [ Yes ]
De-centralized Coordination [ No ]
Standard/Open Protocols [ Yes ]
Verdict: Not a grid.
19
ReferencesReferences
I. Foster, C. Kesselman, S. Tuecke, “The Anatomy of the Grid: Enabling Scalable Virtual Organizations” , International J. Supercomputer Applications, 15(3), 2001
I. Foster, “What is the Grid? A Three Point Checklist” , GRIDToday, July 20, 2002.
J.M. Schopf and B. Nitzberg, “Grids: Top Ten Questions ”, Scientific Programming, 10(2):103 - 111, August 2002.
http://www.globus.org/alliance/publications/papers.php
