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Computer Graphics: Understanding the Basics of Generating and Manipulating Visual Data, Exams of Computer Graphics

Aligarh Muslim University Computer Graphics

An in-depth exploration of computer graphics, a complex and multifaceted field that involves the creation and manipulation of visual data using computers. Various aspects of computer graphics, including its definition, the role of pictures and pixels, and the different classes of computer graphics such as business graphics, scientific graphics, and graphics user interfaces. Additionally, the document discusses the applications of computer graphics in various industries, including education, entertainment, and engineering.

Typology: Exams

2017/2018

Uploaded on 05/01/2018

dinesh-kumar-26 🇮🇳

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Unit 1

The meaning of the term Graphics, is Graphical Tricks. Every image or picture is in

fact a graph and when different mathematical tricks are used to manipulate some

change in its properties like shape, size, motion etc., through the help of computers

then, the representation is nothing but computer graphics, so we can say that

“Computer Graphics (CG) is the field of visual computing, where one utilises

computers both to generate visual images synthetically and to integrate or alter

visual and spatial information sampled from the real world.” Or “Computer

Graphics is the pictorial representation manipulation of data by a computer” Or

“Computer Graphics refers to any sketch, drawing, special artwork or other material

generated with the help of computer to pictorially depict an object or a process or

otherwise convey information, as a supplement to or instead of written descriptions”.

Computer Graphics is a complex and diversified field. A Picture is a fundamental

cohesive concept in Computer Graphics. Each picture consists of points called pixels

(Picture- element). If we consider a complex picture, then complex database for

pixels are considered, hence, complex algorithm are required to access them. These

complex database contain data organised in various data structures such as ring

structures,

B-tree etc.

Computer graphics can be broadly divided into the following classes:

Business Graphics or the broader category of Presentation Graphics, which refers

to graphics, such as bar-charts (also called histograms), pie-charts, pictograms

(i.e., scaled symbols), x-y charts, etc. used to present quantitative information to

inform and convince the audience.

Scientific Graphics, such as x-y plots, curve-fitting, contour plots, system or

program flowcharts etc.

Scaled Drawings, such as architectural representations, drawings of buildings,

bridges, and machines.

Cartoons and artwork, including advertisements.

Graphics User Interfaces (GUIs) which are the images that appear on almost all

computer screens these days, designed to help the user utilise the software

without having to refer to manuals or read a lot of text on the monitor.

Applications of computer graphics

1. 1. By:jyothish kumar sirigidi Roll no 13A5A1A05B2

Discover Exams of Computer Graphics Aligarh Muslim University

Partial preview of the text

Download Computer Graphics: Understanding the Basics of Generating and Manipulating Visual Data and more Exams Computer Graphics in PDF only on Docsity!

Unit 1

The meaning of the term Graphics, is Graphical Tricks. Every image or picture is in fact a graph and when different mathematical tricks are used to manipulate some change in its properties like shape, size, motion etc., through the help of computers then, the representation is nothing but computer graphics, so we can say that

“ Computer Graphics (CG) is the field of visual computing, where one utilises computers both to generate visual images synthetically and to integrate or alter visual and spatial information sampled from the real world .” Or “ Computer Graphics is the pictorial representation manipulation of data by a computer ” Or “ Computer Graphics refers to any sketch, drawing, special artwork or other material generated with the help of computer to pictorially depict an object or a process or otherwise convey information, as a supplement to or instead of written descriptions ”.

Computer Graphics is a complex and diversified field. A Picture is a fundamental cohesive concept in Computer Graphics. Each picture consists of points called pixels (Picture- element). If we consider a complex picture, then complex database for pixels are considered, hence, complex algorithm are required to access them. These complex database contain data organised in various data structures such as ring structures, B-tree etc.

Computer graphics can be broadly divided into the following classes: Business Graphics or the broader category of Presentation Graphics, which refers to graphics, such as bar-charts (also called histograms), pie-charts, pictograms (i.e., scaled symbols), x-y charts, etc. used to present quantitative information to inform and convince the audience. Scientific Graphics, such as x-y plots, curve-fitting, contour plots, system or program flowcharts etc. Scaled Drawings, such as architectural representations, drawings of buildings, bridges, and machines. Cartoons and artwork, including advertisements. Graphics User Interfaces (GUIs) which are the images that appear on almost all computer screens these days, designed to help the user utilise the software without having to refer to manuals or read a lot of text on the monitor.

Applications of computer graphics

1. By:jyothish kumar sirigidi Roll no 13A5A1A05B

1. Computer Graphics includes almost everything on computers that is not text or sound. Today almost every computer can do some graphics, and people have even come to expect to control their computer through icons and pictures rather than just by typing. We think of computer graphics as drawing pictures on computers, also called rendering.
1. Non Interactive Computer Graphics Interactive Computer Graphics There are two types of Computer Graphics Computer graphics is an art of drawing pictures, lines, charts, etc using computers with the help of programming. Computer graphics is made up of number of pixels.
1. Pictures,Charts,Diagrams It can be convinient to input graphical information from the user to computer and have an appropriate graphical output from the computer to the user Interactive CG involves two way communication between Computer and the user
1. Non Interactive CG defines the user has no control over the picture being presented In non interactive computer graphics otherwise known as passive computer graphics. it is the computer graphics in which user does not have any kind of control over the image. Example: screen savers.
1. Manipulation Scanning from an existing drawing Input coordinates and calculated values Creation of an Object with data from one or more of the following
(^) 7. Graphical User Interface Visualization Education and Training Entertainment Computer Art Presentation Graphics Computer Aided Design
1. Entertainment cgvr.korea.ac.kr Computer Art Simulation Design Display of Information
1. Graphics for Scientific, Engineering, and Medical Data cgvr.korea.ac.kr Medical ImageNebula
1. Architects find graphics methods useful to draw floor plans showing the position of rooms ,doors ,stairs etc CAD Applications allow the designer to work in a multi window environment i.e., different views of the objects can be displayed in multiple windows It refers to the use of computer graphics to design buildings , automobiles ,aircraft, watercraft , Space Craft and other products
1. Graphics for Engineeri Design of Building, Automobile, Aircraft, Machine etc. cgvr.korea.ac.kr AutoCAD 2002 Interior Designng and Architectural System
1. Computer-Generated Models of Physical, Financial and Economic Systems for Educational Aids cgvr.korea.ac.kr Flight Simulator Mars Rover Simulator
1. In Commercial art designing ,photo realistic techniques are generally used .The graphics method commonly used in TV Commercials is called morphing where one object is transformed in to another Artists use special purpose hardware and many computer methods such as artists paintbrush programs like Lumena ,Pixel Paint and super paint packages Computer Graphics is used in both fine and commercial art applications
1. Graphics for Artist cgvr.korea.ac.kr Metacreation Painter
(^) 15. Some times the graphics scenes are displayed by themselves and some times graphics objects are combined with the actors and live scenes Computer Graphics methods are used in making music videos ,games ,cartoon movies ,television shows etc.
1. Graphics for Movie, Game, VR etc. cgvr.korea.ac.kr Final Fantasy Online Game
1. Special Systems are designed for some training applications such as simulators for practice sessions or training of ship captains ,aircraft pilots , heavy equipment operators and air traffic control personnel Models of physical and Physiological systems can assist trainees to understand the operations of the systems Computer Graphics techniques have been used as an effective educational aid
1. Business Visualization Scientific Visualization If the data is available in a visual form then the data can be classified in terms of Scanning large sets of data to determine trends and relationships is a difficult procedure.

The electron beam sweeps across the screen by one row at a time starting from top to

bottom in the Raster scan system. To create a pattern of illuminated spots, the intensity

of the beam is turned on and off as the electron beam passes across each row.

Refresh Buffer or Frame Buffer is the memory area where picture definition is stored.

For all the screen points, the set of intensity values are stored in this memory area.

From refresh buffer, the stored intensity values are retrieved and “painted” on the screen

in a manner one row at a time as displayed in the illustration below.

Pixel, Picture element or pel represents each screen point. At the end of each line of the

scan, the electron beam moves to left side of the screen and starts to display the next

scan line.

What is Random Scan (Vector Scan)?

The electron beam is directed only to that part of the screen whether the picture has to

be drawn instead of scanning from left to right or top to bottom. Random scan is also

known as vector display, stroke-writing display, or calligraphic display.

The refresh display file, a memory area stores the picture definition as a set of line-

drawing commands. The system circles through the set of commands in the display file,

for displaying a specific picture. Once the line drawing commands are processed, the

first line command in the list is returned back by the cycle of the system.

All the component lines of a picture are drawn 30 to 60 times each second by the

Random-scan displays.

What are the different applications of Computer Graphics?

Computer graphics has many applications and they are:

(^) Computer graphics user interfaces (GUIs) − A graphic, mouse-oriented paradigm which allows the user to interact with a computer.
Business presentation graphics − "A picture is worth a thousand words".
Cartography − Drawing maps.
Weather Maps − Real-time mapping, symbolic representations.
Satellite Imaging − Geodesic images.
Photo Enhancement − Sharpening blurred photos.
Medical imaging − MRIs, CAT scans, etc. - Non-invasive internal examination.
Engineering drawings − mechanical, electrical, civil, etc. used for replacing the blueprints of the past.
Typography – Character images are used for publishing or replacing the hard type of the past.
Architecture − Construction plans, exterior sketches - replacing the blueprints and hand drawings of the past.
Art – A new medium for artists is provided by computers.
Training − Flight simulators, computer aided instruction, etc.
Entertainment − Movies and games.
Simulation and modeling – Physical modelling and enactments are replaced by simulation and modelling.

Computer Graphics: Understanding the Basics of Generating and Manipulating Visual Data, Exams of Computer Graphics

Related documents

Partial preview of the text

Download Computer Graphics: Understanding the Basics of Generating and Manipulating Visual Data and more Exams Computer Graphics in PDF only on Docsity!

Applications of computer graphics

The electron beam sweeps across the screen by one row at a time starting from top to

bottom in the Raster scan system. To create a pattern of illuminated spots, the intensity

of the beam is turned on and off as the electron beam passes across each row.

Refresh Buffer or Frame Buffer is the memory area where picture definition is stored.

For all the screen points, the set of intensity values are stored in this memory area.

From refresh buffer, the stored intensity values are retrieved and “painted” on the screen

in a manner one row at a time as displayed in the illustration below.

Pixel, Picture element or pel represents each screen point. At the end of each line of the

scan, the electron beam moves to left side of the screen and starts to display the next

scan line.

What is Random Scan (Vector Scan)?

The electron beam is directed only to that part of the screen whether the picture has to

be drawn instead of scanning from left to right or top to bottom. Random scan is also

known as vector display, stroke-writing display, or calligraphic display.

The refresh display file, a memory area stores the picture definition as a set of line-

drawing commands. The system circles through the set of commands in the display file,

for displaying a specific picture. Once the line drawing commands are processed, the

first line command in the list is returned back by the cycle of the system.

All the component lines of a picture are drawn 30 to 60 times each second by the

Random-scan displays.

What are the different applications of Computer Graphics?

Computer graphics has many applications and they are: