Computer Hardware - Information System - Lecture Slides, Slides of Information Systems

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Computer Hardware

Focus Items

 Design systems that meet business needs

 Hardware industry trends

 Problems  Legacy hardware (and software)  Dealing with growth

 Improving fault tolerance

Terms (Storage)

 1,000 bytes – Kilobyte

 1,000,000 bytes – Megabyte

 1,000,000,000 bytes – Gigabyte

 1,000,000,000,000 bytes – Terabtye

 1,000,000,000,000,000 bytes = Petabyte

Terms (CPU) (1)

 Central Processing Unit (CPU)

 Many machines have multiple CPUs  Servers scale from 1-256 processors  Many CPUs are designed to support virtualization

 Processor speed

 Measured in GHz.  A measure of the internal clock

Terms (CPU) (2)

 Most machines have multiple cores

 A “core” is a separate work engine within the cpu

Terms (Cache) (Memory)

 CACHE – Memory directly connected to the CPU  Fast  Memory (Primary storage)  Volatile storage to store data  Not all memory is the same  Some provides error correction  Performance differences  Density

Terms (Disk)

 Disk (Secondary storage)  Hard  ATA, SATA, SCSI,  Optical  CD / DVD / Blu Ray  Backup tape devices

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk_drive

Categories of Computers

(lightweight devices)

 “Lightweight devices”

 Network computers  Special purpose transaction terminals  UPS / FedEx  Browser-only devices (kiosks)

Categories of Computers

(Desktop)

 Market is shrinking because of tablet / phone horsepower

 These are the engineering workstations of yesterday

Categories of Computers

(Servers)

 Oracle Sun / HP / IBM / Dell provide the lion‟s share of todays servers

 Characterized by

 Multiple CPUs with multiple cores

Larger Server (Illustration)

Categories of Computers

(Blade)

 A computer within a computer

 We buy a “blade chassis” containing

 Power supplies / cooling / external media

 We buy blade computers that go into the chassis

 Blades:

 Reduce power consumption and maintenance costs

Categories of Computers

(Mainframe)

 These are really just the IBM Z series and a few special purpose devices

Categories of Computers

(Distributed Computing)

 (Distributed computing)

 It‟s really the software and not the hardware  We just cluster multiple computers together

 Special purpose back ends

 TeraData database servers  Storage Tek disk and tape sub systems  Storage Area Networks (SAN)