Computer Networks. What is networking?, Slides of Information and Communications Technology (ICT)

Download Computer Networks. What is networking? and more Slides Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in PDF only on Docsity!

COURSE TITLE: COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

CODE: COMP

CREDIT HOURS: 3 (3+0)

NETWORKS

 A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes)

connected by communication links. A node can be a computer,

printer, or any other device capable of sending and/or

receiving data generated by other nodes on the network.



“Computer network’’ to mean a collection of autonomous

computers interconnected by a single technology. Two

computers are said to be interconnected if they are able to

exchange information. The connection need not be via a

copper wire; fiber optics, microwaves, infrared, and

communication satellites can also be used.

What is networking?

A COMPUTER NETWORK IS DEFINED AS THE INTER

CONNECTION OF TWO OR MORE COMPUTERS. IT IS

DONE TO ENABLE THE COMPUTERS TO COMMUNICATE

AND SHARE AVAILABLE RESOURCES .APPLICATION:

✓SHARING OF RESOURCES SUCH AS PRINTERS

✓SHARING OF EXPENSIVE SOFTWARE'S AND DATABASE

✓COMMUNICATION FROM ONE COMPUTER TO ANOTHER

COMPUTER

✓EXCHANGE OF DATA AND INFORMATION AMONG

USERS VIA NETWORK

✓SHARING OF INFORMATION OVER GEOGRAPHICALLY

WIDE AREAS.

DISADVATAGES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS  HIGH COST OF INSTALLATION  REQUIRES TIME FOR ADMINISTRATION  FAILURE OF SERVER  CABLE FAULTS

Types of Computer Network THERE ARE MAINLY THREE TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS BASED ON THEIR SIZE:

• (^) LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN) WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) MAN NETWORK COVERS LARGER AREA BY CONNECTIONS LANS TO A LARGER NETWORK OF COMPUTERS. IN METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK VARIOUS LOCAL AREA NETWORKS ARE CONNECTED WITH EACH OTHER THROUGH TELEPHONE LINES. THE SIZE OF THE METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK IS LARGER THAN LANS AND SMALLER THAN WANS(WIDE AREA NETWORKS), A MANS COVERS THE LARGER AREA OF A CITY OR TOWN.

Wide area network (WAN) WIDE AREA NETWORK PROVIDES LONG DISTANCE TRANSMISSION OF DATA. THE SIZE OF THE WAN IS LARGER THAN LAN AND MAN. A WAN CAN COVER COUNTRY, CONTINENT OR EVEN A WHOLE WORLD. INTERNET CONNECTION IS AN EXAMPLE OF WAN. OTHER EXAMPLES OF WAN ARE MOBILE BROADBAND CONNECTIONS SUCH AS 3G, 4G ETC.

Uses of Internet

• TO ACCESS INFORMATION, NEWS, RESEARCH AND EDUCATION MATERIAL.
• TO CONDUCT BUSINESS.
• TO ACCESS SOURCES OF ENTERTAINMENT SUCH AS ONLINE GAMES, MAGAZINES ETC.
• TO MEET AND TALK WITH PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD IN DISCUSSION GROUPS OR CHAT ROOMS.
• TO ACCESS OTHER COMPUTERS AND EXCHANGE FILES.
• TO SEND AND RECEIVE E-MAIL MESSAGES. • TO SHOP FOR GOODS AND SERVICES.

Connection to the

Internet

• COMPUTER: ANY COMPUTER CAN BE USED FOR CONNECTION TO INTERNET.
  • DSL MODEM: DSL MODEM IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT CONVERTS DIGITAL DATA FORM THE COMPUTER TO AN ANALOG FORM AND VICE VERSA.
• ISP CONNECTION: ISP PROVIDES THE LINK BETWEEN THE COMPUTER AND THE INTERNET. A PERSON HAS TO GET AN ACCOUNT OF AN ISP FOR ESTABLISHING A 10CONNECTION TO THE INTERNET.
• WEB BROWSER: WEB BROWSER IS A SOFTWARE THAT IS USED TO VIEW WEB PAGES .I.E. INTERNET EXPLORER AND NETSCAPE COMMUNICATOR ETC.

Video Conferencing VIDEO CONFERENCING IS A LIVE VIDEO-BASED MEETING BETWEEN TWO OR MORE PEOPLE IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS USING VIDEO- ENABLED DEVICES. VIDEO CONFERENCING ALLOWS MULTIPLE PEOPLE TO MEET AND COLLABORATE FACE TO FACE LONG DISTANCE BY TRANSMITTING AUDIO, VIDEO, TEXT AND PRESENTATIONS IN REAL TIME THROUGH THE INTERNET. COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING (CBT), OFTEN REFERRED TO AS E- LEARNING, IS EDUCATION THAT IS PRIMARILY ADMINISTERED USING COMPUTERS RATHER THAN AN IN-PERSON INSTRUCTOR. CBT IS TYPICALLY DELIVERED OVER THE WEB USING A TRAINING PLATFORM SUCH AS A LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (LMS). THE GREATEST DISADVANTAGE OF CBT IS THAT IT IS EXPENSIVE TO DEVELOP AND DELIVER, ESPECIALLY FOR SMALLER GROUPS OF STUDENTS. CBT CAN BE MORE COST EFFICIENT WHEN DESIGNED TO TRAIN A LARGER NUMBER OF STUDENTS.

Advantages of Internet INFORMATION SEARCH: INTERNET CONTAINS INFORMATION ON ALL TYPES OF TOPICS. PEOPLE CAN SEARCH INFORMATION ON ANY TOPIC. SEARCH ENGINES ARE USED TO SEARCH INFORMATION ON INTERNET .I.E. GOOGLE ETC.

• E-MAIL: E-MAIL IS AN INEXPENSIVE AND FAST WAY OF COMMUNICATION. IT IS USED TO SEND MESSAGES, PICTURES AND FILES FROM ONE PART OF THE WORLD TO ANOTHER PART.
• E-COMMERCE: PEOPLE CAN USE INTERNET FOR FINANCIAL AND BUSINESS DEALINGS. A PERSON CAN DEAL WITH HIS CUSTOMERS THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
• ONLINE RESULTS: STUDENTS CAN SEE THEIR RESULT USING INTERNET FORM ANY PART OF THE WORLD.
• FAST COMMUNICATION: PEOPLE CAN COMMUNICATE WITH ONE ANOTHER IN LESS TIME FROM ANY PART OF THE WORLD

WASTAGE OF TIME: MANY PEOPLE USE INTERNET WITHOUT ANY POSITIVE PURPOSE. THE YOUNG PEOPLE WASTE THEIR TIME IN CHATTING. IT EFFECTS THEIR PERFORMANCE AND MAKES THEM INEFFICIENT. CYBER CRIMES: INTERNET IS THE SOURCE OF MANY CYBER CRIMES. THE HACKERS, HACKS THE CREDIT CARD NUMBERS OF THE PEOPLE AND CAN USE THEM FOR SHOPPING. SOME PEOPLE USES INTERNET TO SPREAD ILLEGAL AND IMMORAL MATERIAL. MANY GOVERNMENTS ARE INTRODUCING LAWS TO STOP CYBER CRIMES.