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MODULE IN
Computer Fundamentals and
Programming(Lab)
COMPROG
Computer Applications Department
SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTANCY, MANAGEMENT, COMPUTING
AND INFORMATION STUDIES
Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited.
Property of and for the exclusive use of SLU. Reproduction, storing in a retrieval system, distributing, uploading or posting online, or transmitting in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise of any part of this document, without the prior written permission of SLU, is strictly prohibited.
COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. Practice Christian values while developing
solutions using computer.
2. Follow and comply with ethical standards
in the use of computer and information.
3. Develop the foundation in basic
information technology concepts.
4. Explain the impact of computer in creating
solutions in a global, economic, environmental and social context and apply current developments in computer to the engineering field
5. Evaluate existing computer applications to
help simplify office tasks and explain the impact of computer in creating solutions in a global, economic, environmental and social context.
6. Describe applicable engineering
techniques in problem solving using computers and apply a wide range of problem-solving skills using computers for various applications and apply current developments in computers to the engineering field
7. Design and create algorithms to solve
problems, translate algorithms into workable computer programs and create computer program that follows standard and conventions.
8. Work independently in analyzing problems
and their solutions for individually assigned tasks and discuss effectively created solutions to a given problem.
9. Practice appropriate programming skills
and work effectively as member of team in creating solutions to problems.
COMPROG
COMPUTER
FUNDAMENTALS AND
PROGRAMMING(LAB)
Table of Contents
- Module 1: The Computer
- Definition
- Data and Information................................................................................................................................
- Programs and Software
- Windows Operating System......................................................................................................................
- The Desktop
- Icon Operations.....................................................................................................................................
- Start Menu Parts
- Windows
- Parts of a Folder/Library Window
- Dialog Boxes
- Working with Files and Folders
- Module 2: The Word Processing Program
- Brief Introduction to MS Word
- Title Bar
- Quick Access Toolbar
- Ribbon
- Status Bar
- Formatting your Technical Paper on MS Word
- Formatting the Page Layout
- Creating a Title Page
- Inserting a Page Break.........................................................................................................................
- Abstract
- Body
- References
- Module 3: The Spreadsheet Program
- Getting Started........................................................................................................................................
- Application Window............................................................................................................................
- The Workbook Window
- Cell Addressing
- Cell Basics
- Cell Content.........................................................................................................................................
- Formulas and Functions
- Arithmetic Operations
- Order of Operation
- Cell References....................................................................................................................................
- Functions
- Sorting Data
- Filtering Data
- Charts and Graphs...................................................................................................................................
Computer Fundamentals and Programming
Lecture Notes
Module 1: The Computer
Today’s world is an information-rich world and it has become a necessity for everyone to know about computers. You can find computers almost everywhere from the large ones that manage the different business processes of large companies to the device(s) you’re using to read this. The main objective of this module is to greatly enhance your computer literacy – that is, the knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses.
Definition A Computer is an electronic device that can perform activities that involve mathematical, logical and graphical manipulations. Generally, the term is used to describe a collection of devices that function together as a system. You can think of it as an electronic machine operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory.
It performs the following three operations in sequence.
- It receives data & instructions from the input device.
- Processes the data as per instructions.
- Provides the result (output) in a desired form To make things easier to remember, these operations are also referred as the Input-Process-Output(IPO) Model.
Figure1.1: IPO Model
Data and Information Data is the complete list of facts and details like text, observations, figures, symbols and description of things. It is the raw list of facts that are processed to gain information. The basic concept of data is associated with scientific research collected by different research organizations. If you have conducted a survey before, then the responses you’ve gathered are an example of data.
o Graphics – ex: Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, etc. o Databases – ex: Oracle, MS Access, etc.
Windows Operating System
From what’s mentioned before, we can say that the OS is one of the most important software in a personal computer. Without it, you won’t be able to use other software. Today, most operating systems perform the following important functions:
Processor management: It manages the assignment of the processor to different tasks being performed by the computer system.
- Memory management: It manages the allocation of main memory and other storage areas to the system programs as well as user programs and data.
- Input / Output management: It manages the coordination and assignment of different Input and Output devices while one or more programs are executed.
- File management: It allows all files to be easily changed and modified through the use of text editors or some other file manipulation routines.
- Establishment and enforcement of a priority system: It determines and maintains the order in which jobs are to be executed in the computer system.
- Interpretation of commands and instructions.
- Facilitates easy communication between the computer system and the computer operator. Most personal computers use Windows as its operating system. Most likely, if you’re using a laptop as your primary device for this course, it’s operating system (also referred to as OS), is Windows. This module will help work around Windows-based computers with more confidence.
In most cases, the first screen that appears after you turn on the power of a computer is a desktop, as shown below.
Figure 1.2: Windows’ first screen
Figure 1.3: Windows’ Welcome Screen
If it is a shared PC, (which means there are more than one user who uses it), or one user with password protected, you will arrive at a Welcome Screen.
The Desktop
The Desktop is the main Windows screen. It is the work area where dialog boxes, windows, icons, and menus appear. Like an office desk, the desktop contains items you can use to do your job. For instance, from your desktop, you can perform file- management tasks and run software applications. You can customize the appearance of the desktop to suit your preferences. The following are something that you might see in an average Windows Desktop:
- My Computer – Allows you to see what drives are attached to your computer (for example, your local hard disk drive, your CD/DVD drives, any networked shared drives, and external drives, such as a USB flash drive). You can also view the files that are located on these drives.
- My Documents – Supplies a ‘catch-all’ place for your personal files. Within here you can see your files, any shared files from other computer users and any music or pictures you may have stored. The Documents folder will sometimes be identified by your name instead of the word “Documents.”
- Recycle Bin – Stores any files you delete until you empty it.
- Internet Explorer – Contains Windows’ built in web browser that integrates with other Windows components
Components of a Desktop
The desktop usually consists of two main components:
- Desktop that contains many components like icons (file, folder, shortcut. Etc.)
- Task Bar
Figure 1.6: Filename and extension
A shortcut is a link that points to a program on the computer. Shortcuts allow users to create links to their programs in any folder, Start bar, Taskbar, Desktop or other locations on their computer. A shortcut in Windows is commonly identified by a small arrow in the bottom corner of the icon.
Icon Operations You can do various operations on the icons on your desktop. Here are some of them:
● Arrange Icons on the Desktop o Right Click the desktop o Click Sort by o Select one of the 4 options to arrange icons from sub-menu
● View/Hide Icons o Right Click the desktop o Click View o Check to see if Auto Arrange has a check mark o If it does uncheck it
● Change Icon Size o Right Click the desktop o Click View o Click on the desired size
Start Menu Parts The start menu allows you some of the common operations on Windows by clicking on the Windows button usually located at the bottom left corner of your screen. You can use the Start Menu to perform these activities:
● Start programs ● Open commonly used folders ● Search for files, folders, and programs ● Adjust computer settings ● Get help with the Windows operating system ● Turn off the computer ● Log off from Windows or switch to a different user account
Shutting Down the Computer At the bottom of the right pane is the Shut down button. Click the Shut down button to turn off your computer. Clicking the arrow next to the Shut down button displays a menu with additional options for switching users, logging off, restarting, or shutting down.
● Switch user: If you have more than one user account on your computer, Fast User Switching is an easy way for another person to log on to the computer without logging you off or closing your programs and files. ● Log off: When you log off from Windows, all of the programs you were using are closed, but the computer is not turned off. ● Lock: Locking your PC is a good option if you’ll be back soon. You'll have to enter your password when you come back, which helps keep your work more secure. ● Restart: The Restart button "reboots" your computer (it is sometimes called a "warm boot" or "soft boot.") That means it saves your information to the hard drive, turns off the computer for a moment, and then turns it back on again. ● Sleep: Clicking on Sleep puts your computer in a low-power state, but doesn't turn it off. The main advantage is that it allows you to get back to work quickly, without having to wait for the computer to do a full reboot.
Windows Whenever you open a program, file, or folder, it appears on your screen in a box or frame called a window (that's where the Windows operating system gets its name).
Hiding a window Hiding a window is called minimizing it. If you want to get a window out of the way temporarily without closing it, minimize it. To minimize a window, click its Minimize button
. The window disappears from the desktop and is visible only as a button on the taskbar, the long horizontal bar at the bottom of your screen.
Closing a window Closing a window removes it from the desktop and taskbar. If you're done with a program or document and don't need to return to it right away, close it. To close a
window, click its Close button.
Switching between windows If you open more than one program or document, your desktop can quickly become cluttered with windows. Keeping track of which window you have open isn’t always easy, because some windows might partially or completely cover others.
● Using the taskbar. The taskbar provides a way to organize all of your windows. Each window has a corresponding button on the taskbar. To switch to another window, just click its taskbar button. The window appears in front of all other windows, becoming the active window—the one you're currently working in. ● Using Alt +Tab. You can switch to the previous window by pressing Alt+Tab, or cycle through all open windows and the desktop by holding down Alt and repeatedly pressing Tab. Release Alt to show the selected window.
Parts of a Folder/Library Window
Figure 1.8: Parts of a Folder/Library Window
When you open a folder or library, you see it in a window. The various parts of this window are designed to help you navigate around Windows or work with files, folders, and libraries more easily. A typical window is shown in Figure 1.8 and each of its parts: ● Navigation pane: Use the navigation pane to access libraries, folders, saved searches, and even entire hard disks. Use the Favorites section to open your most commonly used folders and searches; use the Libraries section to access your libraries. You can also click the expand button to browse folders and subfolders. ● Back and Forward buttons: Use the Back button and the Forward button to navigate to other folders or libraries you've already opened without closing the current window. These buttons work together with the address bar; after you use the address bar to change folders. ● Toolbar: Use the toolbar to perform common tasks, such as changing the appearance of your files and folders, burning files to a CD, or starting a digital picture slideshow. The toolbar's buttons change to show only the tasks that are relevant. ● Address bar: Use the address bar to navigate to a different folder or library or to go back to a previous one. ● Column headings: Use the column headings to change how the files in the file list are organized. For example, you can click the left side of a column heading to change the order the files and folders are displayed in, or you can click the right side to filter the files in different ways. (Note that column headings are available only in Details view). ● File list: This is where the contents of the current folder or library are displayed. If you type in the search box to find a file, only the files that match your current view (including files in subfolders) will appear. ● Search box: Type a word or phrase in the search box to look for an item in the current folder or library. The search begins as soon as you begin typing—so if you type "B," for example, all the files with names starting with the letter B will appear in the file list. ● Details pane : Use the details pane to see the most common properties associated with the selected file. File properties are information about a file, such as the author, the date you last changed the file, and any descriptive tags you might have added to the file.
Dialog Boxes A dialog box is a special type of window that asks you a question, allows you to select options to perform a task, or provides you with information. You'll often see dialog boxes when a program or Windows needs a response from you before it can continue. Unlike regular windows, most dialog boxes can't be maximized, minimized, or resized. They can, however, be moved.
● Another way to copy and paste files is to use the keyboard shortcuts Ctrl+X (Cut) and Ctrl+V.
5. Creating a Folder ● Open the drive or folder where you want to create a folder. ● Right-click a blank area on the desktop or in the folder window, point to New, and then click Folder. 6. Deleting ● Select the file(s) or folder(s). ● Right click on the item(s) and then click delete. ● You can also delete a file or folder by pressing the Del/Delete button on the keyboard. ● The easiest way to delete anything on the desktop is by dragging and dropping it into the Recycle Bin. ● When you delete a file or folder from your hard disk, it's not deleted right away. Instead, it's stored in the Recycle Bin until the Recycle Bin is emptied. ● If you delete a file or folder from a network folder or from a USB flash drive, it might be permanently deleted rather than being stored in the Recycle Bin. ● If a file can’t be deleted, it might be in use by a program that's currently running. Try closing the program or restarting your computer to fix the problem. ● To permanently delete a file without first moving it to the Recycle Bin, select the file, and then press Shift + Delete. 7. Permanently delete files from the Recycle Bin ● Open the Recycle Bin by double-clicking the Recycle Bin on the desktop ● Do one of the following: o To permanently delete one file, click it, press Delete, and then click Yes. o To delete all of the files, on the toolbar, click Empty the Recycle Bin, and then click Yes. ● You can also empty the Recycle Bin by right-clicking the Recycle Bin and then clicking Empty Recycle Bin. 8. Restoring items from the Recycle Bin ● Open the Recycle Bin by double-clicking the Recycle Bin on the desktop. ● Do one of the following: o To restore a file, click it, and then, on the toolbar, click Restore this item. o To restore all of the files, make sure that no files are selected, and then, on the toolbar, click Restore all items. ● The files will be restored to their original locations on your computer.
Module 2: The Word Processing Program
LESSON OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, I can:
- Use some of the advanced capabilities of Microsoft Word commonly used to increase productivity and efficiency;
- Effectively use these features to help improve the productivity of an organization through maximizing the potential of Microsoft Word;
- Create letters or documents for distribution to various recipients; and
- Create labels and envelopes for distribution.
Brief Introduction to MS Word Before we begin writing our technical paper or research articles, we must be at least familiar with the basic features (and looks) of Microsoft Word (MS Word). This section covers what you need to know about the user Interface of MS Word.
Title Bar This is located at the very top of the screen. On the Title bar, MS Word displays the name of the document you are currently using. If you have a document open right now, at the top of your screen, you should see "Document1 - Microsoft Word" or a similar name.
If you’re currently using Microsoft Office 2010 or higher, and are familiar with Microsoft Office 2007, you will notice some changes. The File tab replaces the Microsoft
Office Button and the File menu used in earlier releases of Microsoft Office.
Quick Access Toolbar The Quick Access Toolbar is located in the upper left corner and below that is the Ribbon. It is a customizable toolbar that contains commands that you will probably use frequently. These features contain many of the functions that were in the menus and toolbars of previous versions of Word.
Ribbon The Ribbon is located underneath the Quick Access Toolbar in the top portion of the document. It has eight tabs: File, Home, Insert, Page Layout, References, Mailings, Review, and View that contain many features of Word. Each tab leads to a new ribbon
Let’s look at an example:
To create a Table of Contents with three sections, use Heading 1 for the Chapter heading (Introduction and Mechanisms of Greenhouse Effect). Then use Heading 2 for the Section title (Functional Units of the house) and use Heading 3 for the specific topics (Modeling and Materials).
To apply the heading styles, go to the Home tab.
Go to styles group and format the text you want, in this case the Chapter Title, Section title and so on. Don’t worry if the formatting changes after you apply a heading style. You just need to highlight the text and format it as you want it to (ex: Times New Roman, 12).
STEP 2 : Insert the Table of Contents
After using the heading styles and formatting the text, you can now insert the Table of Contents (TOC). Make sure that you are on the page where you want to insert the TOC. Select the References Tab, then click on the Table of Contents command. Choose a built-in table then the Table of Contents will appear in your document.
Note: If you edit or added pages in your document, just click on Table of Contents and select Update Table. Choose Update the entire table so MS Word will update the page numbers and text.
