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Unit-II
1. CREATING A NEW IMAGE
Create an image
- Choose File > New.
- In the New dialog box, type a name for the image.
- (Optional) Choose a document size from the Document Type menu.
Note:
To create a document with the pixel dimensions set for a specific device, click the Device Central button.
- Set the width and height by choosing a preset from the Size menu or entering values in the Width and Height text boxes.
To match the width, height, resolution, color mode, and bit depth of the new image to that of any open image, choose a filename from the bottom section of the Document Type menu.
- Set the Resolution, Color Mode, and bit depth.
If you’ve copied a selection to the clipboard, the image dimensions and resolution are automatically based on that image data.
- (^) Select a Background Contents option:
White Fills the background layer with white, the default background color.
Background Color Fills the background layer with the current background color.
Transparent Makes the first layer transparent, with no color values. The resulting document has a single, transparent layer as its contents.
Other Opens the Color Picker dialog box to select a background color. For more information, see Adobe Color Picker overview.
- (Optional) If necessary, click the Advanced button to display more options.
- (Optional) Under Advanced, choose a color profile, or choose Don’t Color Manage This Document. For Pixel Aspect Ratio, choose Square unless you’re using the image for video. In that case, choose another option to use non-square pixels.
- When you finish, you can save the settings as a preset by clicking Save Preset, or you can click OK to open the new file.
Duplicate an image
You can duplicate an entire image (including all layers, layer masks, and channels) into available memory without saving to disk.
- Open the image you want to duplicate.
- (^) Choose Image > Duplicate.
- Enter a name for the duplicated image.
- If you want to duplicate the image and merge the layers, select Duplicate Merged Layers Only. To preserve the layers, make sure this option is deselected.
- Click OK.
Open a file using the Open command
- Choose File > Open.
- Select the name of the file you want to open. If the file does not appear, select the option for showing all files from the Files Of Type (Windows) or Enable (Mac OS) pop-up menu.
- Click Open. In some cases, a dialog box appears, letting you set format-specific options.
Using the color correction tool
Step 1: Set Up The Levels Defaults
With our image open in Photoshop, let's first take a moment to set up our Levels command properly. Go up to the Image menu^ at the top of the screen^ F 0E 0 choose^ Adjustments^ F 0E 0 choose^ Levels^.
Double-click on the white point eyedropper and do the needs:
Enter "245" into each of the "R", "G" and "B" input boxes.
Now, back in the Levels dialog box, double-click on the eyedropper icon on the left, which is the black point eyedropper :
Double-click on the black point eyedropper.
Once again, Photoshop's Color Picker will pop back up. This time, enter a value of 10 into the "R", "G", and "B"
boxes:
Enter "10" into the "R", "G" and "B" input boxes.
By setting this value to 10 rather than its default of 0, we'll prevent the darkest parts of our image from becoming pure black, allowing us to maintain detail in the shadows and also save us a little black ink when we go to print the image. Click OK to exit out of the Color Picker. Now click OK to exit out of the Levels dialog box. Photoshop will ask you if you want to save the changes you just made as the new defaults. Click Yes , and you won't have to make these changes the next time you edit an image because they've been saved as the default values:
Photoshop asks if you want to save the changes as the new default white and black point values. Click "Yes".
Now that we've set up our white and black point values to something a bit more useful to us, let's fix the global tonal and color problems in the image. Step 2: Add A "Threshold" Adjustment Layer And Use It To Find The Lightest Areas In The Image We're going to begin our tonal and color correction with the highlights (the lightest areas in the image). Before we can correct them though, we first need to find them. Fortunately, finding them is easy thanks to Photoshop's Threshold adjustment. Click on the New Adjustment Layer icon at the bottom of the Layers palette:
Click the "New Adjustment Layer" icon at the bottom of the Layers palette.
Then choose Threshold from the list of adjustment layers:
Select "Threshold" from the list.
This brings up the Threshold dialog box. Click on the slider at the bottom of the dialog box and drag it all the way to the right. You'll see your image turn completely black. Then, begin slowly dragging the slider back towards the left until you start to see white areas appear in your image. Stop dragging once the white areas appear. These areas are the lightest areas in your image:
Drag the slider at the bottom of the Threshold dialog box all the way to the right, which will turn your image completely black, then begin dragging back towards the left until you see white areas appearing in your image.
Stop dragging the slider when you see the white areas appearing. These are the lightest areas (the highlights) in the image.
Step 3: Place A Target Marker Inside A White Area
Move your mouse into one of the white areas in the image. As soon as you move your mouse over any part of the image, you'll see your mouse cursor turn into the Eyedropper icon. Once you have your cursor over a white area, hold down your Shift key and the Eyedropper icon will turn into the Color Sampler icon. Click inside the white area to place a target marker^ at that location. You'll see a tiny number 1 in the bottom right of the marker:
Hold down "Shift" and click inside a white area to place a target marker at that location.
If you're having trouble lining up the eyedropper icon with the center of the target marker, press the Caps Lock key on your keyboard, which will turn the eyedropper icon into a target marker icon itself. You'll know you have the two target markers lined up perfectly when they both disappear from the screen, at which point you can click your mouse to correct the highlights. Step 9: Click On The Second Target Marker With The Black Point Eyedropper We've corrected the highlights, now we just have to correct the shadows (the dark areas). Click on the black point eyedropper in the Levels dialog box to select it:
Click on the black point eyedropper icon in the bottom right corner of the Levels dialog box to select it.
Then, with the black point eyedropper selected, simply click on the second target marker to correct any tonal and color problems in the shadows:
Correct any tonal and color problems in the dark areas of the image by clicking on the second target marker with the black point eyedropper.
And with just two clicks of the mouse, we've managed to fix any overall tonal and color problems in the highlight and shadow areas of the image. Here's a "before and after" comparison to see how much the image has improved already. The original, uncorrected version is on the left, and the corrected version is on the right. I've temporarily hidden the target markers using the keyboard shortcut Ctrl+H (Win) / Command+H (Mac). I can bring them back again using the same keyboard shortcut:
A comparison of how the image looked originally (left) and how it looks after correcting the tonal and color problems in the highlights and shadows (right).
Step 10: Adjust The Center Slider To Brighten The Midtones If Needed
Often times, after you've corrected the highlights and shadows, you'll find that your image is looking a bit too dark. To brighten it up, in the Levels dialog box, click on the Midtone slider (circled in red below) and drag it a little to the left:
Click on the Midtone slider and drag it a little to the left to lighten the midtones in the image. Dragging to the right will darken the midtones.
To cycle between the corrected and uncorrected versions of your image to see how much of an improvement you've made, simply click on the Layer Visibility icon (also known as the "eyeball icon") to the left of the Levels adjustment layer in the Layers palette to turn the layer on and off:
Click on the Layer Visibility icon (the "eyeball icon") to the left of the Levels adjustment layer in the Layers palette to turn the layer on and off and cycle between the corrected and uncorrected versions of your image.
Step 11: Remove The Target Markers
Finally, now that we're done with our target markers, we can remove them. To do that, select the Color Sampler Tool from the Tools palette.
Select the Color Sampler tool from the Tools palette, which is located behind the Eyedropper tool.
With the Color Sampler Tool selected, if you look up in the Options Bar at the top of the screen, you'll see a button that says Clear^ on it. Click on the button to clear the target markers from the image:
With the Color Sampler tool selected, click on the "Clear" button in the Options Bar to remove the target markers from the image.
The final result.
Using LAYERS in Photoshop THE LAYERS PALETTE
When we open an existing file or create a brand new one, the canvas in front of us lies on its own layer. Generally this layer is already named background and we can see it in the layers palette on the right hand side of the program.
The layers palette is the control panel for layers in Photoshop. Layers can be placed one on top of another and moved around by clicking on the layer name and dragging the mouse up or down. CREATING LAYERS
There are a number of ways to create a layer. The simplest involves clicking on the "Create New Layer" icon at the bottom right of the layers palette.
1. Create Layer Icon:
You can also use the "Layer" menu located at the top of the screen and select New->Layer. Here you will also see the keyboard shortcut command.
2. Layers Menu:
Additionally the keyboard shortcut of Ctrl+Shift+N (Command+Option+N for Macs). With the creation of a layer in this way Photoshop will ask for a name for the layer. Name your layer or just ignore the pop-up clicking "OK" and a new layer appears in the layer palette.
3. Name Layers:
Layers can also be named by double clicking on the name of the layer (layer1) in the layers palette.
WORKING WITH LAYRERS:
Selecting a Layer you will need to have at least one layer selected.
- To select a layer, just click on it in the Layers Palette. The layer will turn blue [shown right] to indicate that it has been selected.
- To select several layers, hold down the CMD (Mac) or CTRL (Windows) key on your keyboard and click on each layer you would like to have selected. To select several consecutive layers, select the first layer and then hold the SHIFT key and select the last layer.
Moving Layers It is important that you know how to move layers so that you are able to change the order of them as needed.
- Select the layer(s) you wish to move.
- Click and hold your mouse and drag the layer to the desired position. A thick line will appear between layers to indicate where the layer will be dropped. Once you have the layer where you want it, release your mouse and the layer will move to the new location. 1. Select the Layer 2. Drag the Layer
Finding Layers
Almost every Photoshop document has more than one layer and those layers can quickly become overwhelming and and make it hard to find anything. Fortunately, there are some tools to help find different types of layers.
- Click on the Search Dropdown ( ) , to select whether you want to search layers by Kind, Name, Effect, Mode, Attribute, or Color.
- After selecting a search method, use the options to the right of the Search Dropdown to select additional attributes to return search results. 1. Search Dropdown 2. Select layer attributes
Hiding Layers: Another advantage to layering your work is that at any time a layer can be temporarily hidden from view by clicking on the "eye" icon next to the desired layer in the layers palette.
Linking Layers
Layers can also be linked together. This is handy when moving layers and things around with the "Move Tool." Linking one layer to another holds the them relative to each other. If one moves, then the other moves. Link layers together by clicking in the vacant box that lies adjacent to the eye.
to the right of the layer’s name in the Layers panel. You can expand the style in the Layers panel to view or edit
the effects that compose the style.
You can apply multiple effects in a single layer style. Also, more than one instance of some effects can comprise
a layer style.
Layers panel showing layer with multiple effects applied
A. Layer effects icon B. Click to expand and show layer effects C. Layer effects
When you save a custom style, it becomes a preset style. Preset styles appear in the Styles panel and can be
applied to a layer or group with a single click.
Apply preset styles
You can apply preset styles from the Styles panel. The layer styles that come with Photoshop are grouped into libraries by function. For example, one library contains styles for creating web buttons; another library contains styles for adding effects to text. To access these styles, you need to load the appropriate library. For information on loading and saving styles, see Create and manage preset styles.
Note:
You cannot apply layer styles to a background, locked layer, or group.
Display the Styles panel
Apply a preset style to a layer
Normally, applying a preset style replaces the current layer style. However, you can add the
attributes of a second style to those of the current style.
- Do one of the following:
- Click a style in the Styles panel to apply it to the currently selected layers.
- Drag a style from the Styles panel onto a layer in the Layers panel.
- Drag a style from the Styles panel to the document window, and release the mouse button when the pointer is over the layer content to which you want to apply the style.
Note : Hold down Shift as you click or drag to add (rather than replace) the style to any existing effects on the destination layer.
- Choose Layer > Layer Style > Blending Options, and click the word Styles in the Layer Style dialog box (top item in the list on the left side of the dialog box). Click the style you want to apply, and click OK.
- When using a Shape tool or Pen tool in shape layers mode, select a style from the pop 0 01 Eup panel in the options bar before drawing the shape. Note: Some effects have a + icon, indicating that they can be applied more than once in a layer style.
Apply a style from another layer
- In the Layers panel, Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) the style from a layer’s effect list to copy it to another layer.
- In the Layers panel, click-drag the style from a layer’s effect list to move it to another layer.
Change how preset styles are displayed
- Click the triangle in the Styles panel, Layer Style dialog box, or Layer Style pop 0 01 Eup panel in the options bar.
- Choose a display option from the panel menu:
- (^) Text Only to view the layer styles as a list.
- Small Thumbnail or Large Thumbnail to view the layer styles as thumbnails.
- Small List or Large List to view the layer styles as a list, with a thumbnail of the selected layer style displayed.
Layer Style dialog box overview
You can edit styles applied to a layer or create new styles using the Layer Style dialog box.
Layer Style dialog box. Click a check box to apply the current settings without displaying the effect’s options. Click
an effect name to display its options.
You can create custom styles using one or more of the following effects:
Drop Shadow Adds a shadow that falls behind the contents on the layer.
Inner Shadow Adds a shadow that falls just inside the edges of the layer’s content, giving the layer a recessed appearance.
Outer Glow and Inner Glow Add glows that emanate from the outside or inside edges of the layer’s content.
Bevel and Emboss Add various combinations of highlights and shadows to a layer.
Satin Applies interior shading that creates a satiny finish.
Color, Gradient, and Pattern Overlay Fills the layer’s content with a color, gradient, or pattern.
Stroke Outlines the object on the current layer using color, a gradient, or a pattern. It is particularly useful on hard-edged shapes such as type.
Apply or edit a custom layer style
Note:
You cannot apply layer styles to a background layer, a locked layer, or a group. To apply a layer style to a background layer, first convert it into a regular layer.
- Select a single layer from the Layers panel.
- Do one of the following:
- Double-click the layer, outside the layer name or thumbnail.
- Click the Add A Layer Style icon at the bottom of the Layers panel and choose an effect from the list.
- Choose an effect from the Layer > Layer Style submenu.
- To edit an existing style, double-click an effect displayed below the layer name in the Layers panel. (Click the triangle next to the Add A Layer Style icon to display the effects contained in the style.)
- Set effect options in the Layer Style dialog box. See Layer style options.
- Add other effects to the style, if desired. In the Layer Style dialog box, click the check box to the left of the effect name to add the effect without selecting it. You can edit multiple effects without closing the Layer Style dialog box. Click the name of an effect on the left side of the dialog box to display its options.
Change style defaults to custom values
- In the Layer Style dialog box, customize settings as desired.
- Click Make Default. When you next open the dialog box, your custom defaults are automatically applied. If you adjust settings and want to return to your custom defaults, click Reset To Default. To return to Photoshop’s original defaults, see Restore preferences to default.
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same as the origin of the document (when Link With Layer is selected), or to place the origin at the upper-left corner of the layer (if Link With Layer is deselected). Select Link With Layer if you want the pattern to move along with the layer as the layer moves. Drag the Scale slider or enter a value to specify the size of the pattern. Drag a pattern to position it in the layer; reset the position by using the Snap To Origin button. The Pattern option is not available if no patterns are loaded.
Position
Specifies the position of a stroke effect as Outside, Inside, or Center.
Range
Controls which portion or range of the glow is targeted for the contour.
Size
Specifies the radius and size of blur or the size of the shadow.
Soften
Blurs the results of shading to reduce unwanted artifacts.
Source
Specifies the source for an inner glow. Choose Center to apply a glow that emanates from the center of the layer’s content, or Edge to apply a glow that emanates from the inside edges of the layer’s content.
Spread
Expands the boundaries of the matte prior to blurring.
Style
Specifies the style of a bevel: Inner Bevel creates a bevel on the inside edges of the layer contents; Outer Bevel creates a bevel on the outside edges of the layer contents; Emboss simulates the effect of embossing the layer contents against the underlying layers; Pillow Emboss simulates the effect of stamping the edges of the layer contents into the underlying layers; and Stroke Emboss confines embossing to the boundaries of a stroke effect applied to the layer. (The Stroke Emboss effect is not visible if no stroke is applied to the layer.)
Technique
Smooth, Chisel Hard, and Chisel Soft are available for bevel and emboss effects; Softer and Precise apply to Inner Glow and Outer Glow effects.
Smooth
Blurs the edges of a matte slightly and is useful for all types of mattes, whether their edges are soft or hard. It does not preserve detailed features at larger sizes.
Chisel Hard
Uses a distance measurement technique and is primarily useful on hard-edged mattes from anti- aliased shapes such as type. It preserves detailed features better than the Smooth technique.
Chisel Soft
Uses a modified distance measurement technique and, although not as accurate as Chisel Hard, is more useful on a larger range of mattes. It preserves features better than the Smooth technique.
Softer
Applies a blur and is useful on all types of mattes, whether their edges are soft or hard. At larger sizes, Softer does not preserve detailed features.
Precise
Uses a distance measurement technique to create a glow and is primarily useful on hard-edged mattes from anti-aliased shapes such as type. It preserves features better than the Softer technique.
Texture
Applies a texture. Use Scale to scale the size of the texture. Select Link With Layer if you want the texture to move along with the layer as the layer moves. Invert inverts the texture. Depth varies the degree and direction (up/down) to which the texturing is applied. Snap To Origin makes the origin of the pattern the same as the origin of the document (if Link With Layer is deselected) or places the origin in the upper-left corner of the layer (if Link With Layer is selected). Drag the texture to position it in the layer.
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Modify layer effects with contours
When you create custom layer styles, you can use contours to control the shape of Drop Shadow, Inner Shadow, Inner Glow, Outer Glow, Bevel and Emboss, and Satin effects over a given range. For example, a Linear contour on a Drop Shadow causes the opacity to drop off in a linear transition. Use a Custom contour to create a unique shadow transition.
0 0 You can select, reset, delete, or change the preview of contours in the Contour pop (^) 1 Eup panel and Preset Manager.
Detail of Layer Style dialog box for Drop Shadow effect
A. Click to display the Contour Editor dialog box. B. Click to display the pop^ 0 01 Eup panel.
Create a custom contour
- Select the Drop Shadow, Inner Shadow, Inner Glow, Outer Glow, Bevel and Emboss, Contour, or Satin effect in the Layer Style dialog box.
- Click the contour thumbnail in the Layer Style dialog box.
- Click the contour to add points, and drag to adjust the contour. Or enter values for Input and Output.
- To create a sharp corner instead of a smooth curve, select a point and click Corner.
- To save the contour to a file, click Save and name the contour.
- (^) To store a contour as a preset, choose New.
- Click OK. New contours are added at the bottom of the pop 0 01 Eup panel.
Load a contour
- Click the contour in the Layer Style dialog box, and in the Contour Editor dialog box, and then choose Load. Go to the folder containing the contour library you want to load and click Open.
Delete a contour
- Click the inverted arrow next to the currently selected contour to view the pop 0 01 Eup panel. Press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), and click the contour you want to delete.
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Set a global lighting angle for all layers
Using global light gives the appearance of a common light source shining on the image.
- Do one of the following:
- Choose Layer > Layer Style > Global Light. In the Global Light dialog box, enter a value or drag the angle radius to set the angle and altitude, and click OK.
- In the Layer Style dialog box for Drop Shadow, Inner Shadow, or Bevel, select Use Global Light. For Angle, enter a value or drag the radius, and click OK. The global lighting applies to each layer effect that uses the global lighting angle.
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Display or hide layer styles
When a layer has a style, an “fx” icon appears to the right of the layer’s name in the Layers panel.
Hide or show all layer styles in an image
- Choose Layer > Layer Style > Hide All Effects or Show All Effects.
Expand or collapse layer styles in the Layers panel
- Do one of the following:
- Click the triangle next to the Add A Layer Style icon to expand the list of layer effects applied to that layer.
- Click the triangle to collapse the layer effects.
- To expand or collapse all of the layer styles applied within a group, hold down Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), and click the triangle or inverted triangle for the group. The layer styles applied to all layers within the group expand or collapse correspondingly.
The layers produced by this process may not result in artwork that exactly matches the version using layer styles. You may see an alert when you create the new layers.
- In the Layers panel, select the layer containing the layer style that you want to convert.
- Choose Layer > Layer Style > Create Layers. You can now modify and restack the new layers in the same way as regular layers. Some effects—for example, Inner Glow—convert to layers within a clipping mask.
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Create and manage preset styles
You can create a custom style and save it as a preset, which is then available from the Styles panel. You can save preset styles in a library and load or remove them from the Styles panel as you need them.
Create a new preset style
- From the Layers panel, select the layer containing the style that you want to save as a preset.
- Do one of the following:
- Click an empty area of the Styles panel.
- (^) Click the Create New Style button at the bottom of the Styles panel.
- Choose New Style from the Styles panel menu.
- Choose Layer > Layer Style > Blending Options, and click New Style in the Layer Style dialog box.
- Enter a name for the preset style, set style options, and click OK.
Rename a preset style
- Do one of the following:
- Double-click a style in the Styles panel. If the Styles panel is set to display styles as thumbnails, enter a new name in the dialog box and click OK. Otherwise, type a new name directly in the Styles panel and press Enter (Windows) or Return (Mac OS).
- Select a style in the Styles area of the Layer Style dialog box. Then choose Rename Style from the 0 0 pop (^) 1 Eup menu, enter a new name, and click OK.
- When using a shape or Pen tool, select a style from the Style pop 0 01 Eup panel in the options bar. Then 0 0 choose Rename Style from the pop (^) 1 Eup panel menu.
Delete a preset style
- Do one of the following:
- Drag a style to the Delete icon at the bottom of the Styles panel.
- Press Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac OS), and click the layer style in the Styles panel.
- Select a style in the Styles area of the Layer Style dialog box. (See Apply preset styles .) Then choose Delete Style from the pop 0 01 Eup menu.
- When using a shape or Pen tool, select a style from the Layer Style pop 0 01 Eup panel in 0 0 the options bar. Then choose Delete Style from the pop (^) 1 Eup panel menu.
Save a set of preset styles as a library
- Do one of the following:
- Choose Save Styles from the Styles panel menu.
- Select Styles on the left side of the Layer Style dialog box. Then choose Save Styles 0 0 from the pop (^) 1 Eup menu.
- When using a shape or Pen tool, click the layer style thumbnail in the options bar. 0 0 Then choose Save Styles from the pop (^) 1 Eup panel menu.
- Choose a location for the style library, enter a file name, and click Save. You can save the library anywhere. However, if you place the library file in the Presets/ Styles folder inside the default presets location, the library name will appear at the bottom of the Styles panel menu when you restart the application. Note: You can also use the Preset Manager to rename, delete, and save libraries of preset styles.
Load a library of preset styles
- Click the triangle in the Styles panel, Layer Style dialog box, or Layer Style pop 0 01 Eup panel in the options bar.
- Do one of the following:
- Choose Load Styles to add a library to the current list. Then select the library file you want to use, and click Load.
- Choose Replace Styles to replace the current list with a different library. Then select the library file you want to use, and click Load.
Choose a library file (displayed at the bottom of the panel menu). Then click OK to replace the current list, or click Append to append the current list.
- To return to the default library of preset styles, choose Reset Styles. You can either replace the current list or append the default library to the current list.
