COMPUTER SCIENCE BASICS, Schemes and Mind Maps of Computer Fundamentals

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Computer Fundamentals

Mrs. Kiran Bala Dubey Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science Govt. N. P. G. College of Science, Raipur

Contents

• Definition
• Uses/Applications
• Capabilities
• Limitations
• History
• Generation
• Difference between Computer and Calculator
• Block Diagram
• Types of computer
• Type of PC

Uses/Applications of Computer

• Banking
• Education
• Industries
• Entertainments
• Hospitals
• Business
• Defence
• Reservation
• Science and Research
• Data processing

Capabilities of Computer

• Speed
• Storage capacity
• Accuracy
• Deligency
• Versatility

History of Computer

• Abacus (5000 Year before)
• Napier Bones (John Napier 1614)
• Pascaline Machine (Blaise Pascal 1642)
• Difference Engine (Charles Babbage 1822) automatic mechanical computing machine
• Analytical Engine (1833) digital, programmiable and automatic computer
• MARK I (Howard Aiken 1937-44) First fully automatic calculating machine
• ENIAC (J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly 1943-46)
• EDVAC (1946-52) Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer used stored program
• EDSAC (1947-49) Electronic Delay StoragebAutomatic Calculator
• UNIVAC(1951) First digital Computer

Generation of Computer

On the basis of technology used computer is divided in to generations.

• First Generation (1946-1954) Vaccum Tubes
• Second Generation (1955-1964) Transistors
• Third Generation (1965-1974) Integrated Circuits
• Forth Generation (1975-1990) VLSI (Microprocessor), PC, semiconductor replaced magnetic core memories, Networking,DOS, Unix, Windows, Apple Os
• Fifth Generation (1991-now) ULSI, Portable PC,CD-ROM, Internet

Block Diagram of Computer

• Hardware
• Software
• Firmware

Personal Computer (PC)

• A PC can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive micro computer designed for an individual user.
• PCs are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip.
• PC is made by IBM.
• Home and office use

Types of PC

• PC

• PC-XT (8087-88, 256 kb RAM,10-40 MB HDD, 1-2 FDD,Monochrome monitor,135 walts power supply, 1 serial & 1 parallel port)
• PC-AT (80286-486, 4-128 mb RAM,80-640 MB HDD, 1-2 FDD, CD,14/20 inch CGA/SVGA monitor, 2 serial & 1 parallel port)
• Pentium (petium, 256-512mb RAM,584 MB-13 GB HDD, 1 FDD, CD,color monitor, multimedia support)