Mr. Saif ur Rehman Khan
MS (Data Science, and
Computer Science)
BS (Computer Science)
Honors:
Certified Android Developer, Research Assistant
E-Mail: saifurrehman.k[email protected]
1
Institute of Southern
Punjab, Multan
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Computer Science Data structures and algorithms Lecture notes, Lecture notes of Data Structures and Algorithms
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Mr. Saif ur Rehman Khan MS (Data Science, and Computer Science) BS (Computer Science) Honors: Certified Android Developer, Research Assistant E-Mail: [email protected]
Institute of Southern
Punjab, Multan
Object Oriented of Programming
Lecture#
Operators
Recap
Operators in C++
- (^) An operator is a symbol which operates on a value or a variable. For example : + is an operator to perform addition.
- (^) Arithmetic Operators
- (^) An arithmetic operator is a mathematical function that takes two operands and performs a calculation on them. e.g., Addition, Subtraction etc.
- (^) Increment and Decrement Operators
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Assignment Operators
- (^) C++ programming has two operators increment ++ and decrement -- to change the value of an operand (constant or variable) by 1.
- (^) Increment ++ increases the value by 1 whereas decrement -- decreases the value by 1.
- (^) Relational Operators
- (^) A relational operator checks the relationship between two
operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1; if the relation is
false, it returns value 0.
- (^) Escape Sequences
- (^) Sometimes, it is necessary to use characters which cannot be
typed or has special meaning in C programming. For example:
newline(enter), tab, question mark etc. In order to use these
characters, escape sequence is used.
Continue…
Logical Operators
An expression containing logical operator returns either 0 or 1 depending upon whether expression results true or false. Logical operators are commonly used in decision making in C++ programming.
Operator Meaning of Operator
&& Logical AND. True only if all operands are true || Logical OR. True only if either one operands are true ! Logical NOT. True only if the operands is 0
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Conditional Operators
- (^) The conditional operator works as follows:
- (^) The first expression conditional Expression is evaluated first. This
expression evaluates to 1 if it's true and evaluates to 0 if it's false.
If conditional Expression is true, expression1 is evaluated.
If conditional Expression is false, expression2 is evaluated.
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- (^) Here, x is assigned the value of 30 if y is less than 10 and 40 If it is not. We can the try following example −
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Special Operators
- (^) sizeof operator The sizeof is an unary operator which returns the size of data (constant, variables, array, structure etc).
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Bitwise Operators During computation, mathematical operations like: addition, subtraction, and division are converted to bit-level which makes processing faster and saves power.
Operator Meaning of Operator
& Bitwise AND | Bitwise OR ^ Bitwise exclusive OR ~ Bitwise Complement << Shift left
Shift right
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- (^) Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit-by-bit operation.
- (^) The truth tables for &, |, and ^ are as follows −
Continue…
Continue…
- (^) When the code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −