COMPUTER
SCIENCE NOTES
(WITH EXERCISES)
By VDP
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This is Computer Science notes with exercises for students to understand the basics of Computer Science.
Typology: Slides
2025/2026
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COMPUTER
SCIENCE NOTES
(WITH EXERCISES)
By VDP
CONTENTS PAGES
- INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE - BASIC COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER 4-
- INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT (IPO MODEL) 6- - DATA AND INFORMATION 8- - PROGRAMMING BASICS 10-
- TYPES OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES 12- - NUMBER SYSTEM IN COMPUTER - MEMORY AND STORAGE - PRACTICE EXERCISES 16-
- INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT (IPO MODEL) 6- - DATA AND INFORMATION 8- - PROGRAMMING BASICS 10-
BASIC COMPONENTS of a COMPUTER
HARDWARE
Physical parts of a computer.
EXAMPLES:
Keyboard
Mouse
Monitor
CPU
Printer
Programs that tell the computer what to do.
EXAMPLES:
Operating System (Windows, macOS)
Microsoft Word
Google Chrome
Games
TWO TYPES:
System Software - Controls the computer (e.g,. Windows)
Application Software - Used by users (e.g., Word, Excel)
SOFTWARE
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Data entered into the
computer.
Computer processes
the data.
Result given by the computer.
EXAMPLE
Typing on keyboard
Clicking mouse
EXAMPLE
Calculating 5+
EXAMPLE:
Displaying answer = 10
EXAMPLE:
You type 7+3 > Computer processes > Shows 10
DATA AND INFORMATION
PROGRAMMING BASICS
What is Programming? Programming is writing instructions for a computer. Python, Java, C++, and Scratch ALGORITHM FLOWCHART Step-by-step instuctions to solve a problem. A diagram that shows steps of an algorithm. EXAMPLE (making tea): Boil Water Put tea bag in cup Pour hot water Add sugar COMMON SYMBOLS: Oval > Start/End Rectangle > Process Diamond > decision Arrow > Direction
Low-Level Language High-level Language Machine Language Easy to Understand Hard to Understand EXAMPLE: Phython Java
NUMBER SYSTEMS IN COMPUTER Computers use Binary (Base 2). BINARY DIGITS: 0 and 1 EXAMPLE: Decimal: 5 Binary: 101
PRACTICE EXERCISES
SECTION A: SHORT QUESTIONS 1 .What is Computer Science? 2 .State two examples of hardware. 3 .What is the different between data and information? 4 .What is an algorithm? 5 .What number system does a computer use?