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D322 - Introduction to IT with 160 terms and Verified
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A person who is responsible for providing technical support for hardware and software issues end users encounter, such as log-in issues. - Correct Answer System Administrator A person who is responsible for designing, planning, setting up, and maintaining an organization's network. - Correct Answer Network Administrator A person who is responsible for installing and configuring databases. This position also fixes database errors and creates user accounts. - Correct Answer Database administrator A person who is responsible for installing, administrating, and troubleshooting network security issues. - Correct Answer Security Administrator A person who is responsible for troubleshooting error messages employees encounter when attempting to access their organization's website. Also, responsible for tracking, compiling, and analyzing website usage data. - Correct Answer Web Administrator A person who is responsible for overseeing a company's cloud computing systems. Strong understanding of operating systems such as LINUX, UNIX, and Windows is required. - Correct Answer Cloud Architect A person who is responsible for designing networks and monitoring traffic. This position is responsible for installing routers and modems and upgrading hardware and software that are essential for the network to function properly. - Correct Answer Network Architect A person who is responsible for modernizing business processes and developing reasons or rationales for or against a process being automated. - Correct Answer Automation Architect A person who is responsible for designing, building, testing, and implementing security systems within an organization's information technology network. An individual within this position requires a thorough understanding of an organization's IT systems to anticipate possible network security breaches. - Correct Answer Cyber Architect
A person who is responsible for allowing an organization to take full control of its data. - Correct Answer Machine Learning Engineer A person who is responsible for designing and developing software that makes hardware and software systems work, including operating systems, database systems, and embedded systems. - Correct Answer Software Engineer A person who is responsible for setup, configure, maintain, and upgrade system where data resides that support the exchange of information, including communication systems and networks. - Correct Answer Network Engineer These individuals design and set up automation, cloud storage, data centers, virtual servers, and web services with an emphasis on a particular solution's cost benefits to users, and security of data processing. - Correct Answer Cloud Engineer Supports, monitors, and maintains workplace technology and responds to user requests for help. - Correct Answer Technical Support Investigate business problems and create information systems to provide solutions. It requires both business and technical knowledge and rely on effective communication to understand client's requirements. - Correct Answer Systems Analyst Who uses statistical and other quantitative methods to gain insights that support the organization's decision making. - Correct Answer Data Analyst A person who is responsible for monitoring an organization's network for security breaches.
- Correct Answer Security Analyst Works with organizations to keep their information systems secure and ensure integrity, confidentiality, and availability of data. - Correct Answer Cybersecurity Specialist Provides technical expertise by developing and implementing IT systems for external clients. - Correct Answer Technical Consultant Builds and maintains websites and their infrastructure. Need to understand client-side, server-side, and database web technologies. - Correct Answer Web Developer
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), Control Unit, and Processor Register - Correct Answer Three parts of CPU It contains circuitry that performs on data. Such as addition and subtraction - Correct Answer Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) It contains circuitry coordinating the machine's activities - Correct Answer Control Unit It contains data storage cells called registers - Correct Answer Processor Register They serve as temporary holding places for data being manipulated by the CPU. It holds the inputs to the ALU and stores the results. - Correct Answer Registers Holds the memory location of data that needs to be accessed. - Correct Answer Memory Address Register (MAR) Holds data that is being transferred to or from memory - Correct Answer Memory Data Register (MDR) Sometime referred to as primary or main memory. When the computer is off the data will be lost. - Correct Answer RAM (Random Access Memory) A component that stores instructions for crucial system activities, including booting up the systems and initializing different computer components. - Correct Answer ROM (Read Only Memory) The wires that serve as electrical roadways, transmitting information between CPU and other components. - Correct Answer Bus (or Bus Lines) Address bus, data bus, and control bus - Correct Answer Three types of Bus Carries the destination address of the data is assigned to be processed. - Correct Answer Address Bus Carries data between the processor, the memory unit, and the input/output devices. - Correct Answer Data Bus
Carries control signals/commands from the CPU. Controls and coordinates all activities within the computer system - Correct Answer Control Bus also known as a tower or chassis, encases various components (CPU, RAM, power supply, etc.) - Correct Answer System Unit Main circuit board for the computer containing bother soldered components that cannot removed and sockets or slots for components can be removed. - Correct Answer Mother board It sends out a pulse of electricity at regular intervals. The more pulses sent out, the faster the computer. - Correct Answer System Clock a place in a computer where an expansion card can be inserted. - Correct Answer Expansion slots Allow cables to be plugged in without opening the system unit. e.g., parallel, serial, and USB (Universal Serial Bus). - Correct Answer Ports Hold data and information permanently. The Saved content remains on even when the computer is powered down. - Correct Answer Secondary Storage The device that translates data into a form that the computer can understand, - Correct Answer Input Device The device that translates information into a form that humans can understand. - Correct Answer Output Device Allow a computer to send and receive data and from other computers. - Correct Answer Communication Devices the biggest and fastest computers, designed to process huge amounts of data. It is particularly useful in scientific and engineering applications such as weather forecasting, scientific simulations, and nuclear energy research. - Correct Answer Supercomputer
The basic roles played by the processes are categorized as either a client making requests or a server satisfying client requests. - Correct Answer Client/Server network the basis of file-sharing services, a computer communications model and network whose computers are considered equal peers who can send, store, and receive information equally well - Correct Answer Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Interactions between computers via networks have become commonplace and multifaceted. Many modern systems, such as global information retrieval systems or computer games, are designed as distributed systems. Distributed systems execute software as processes on more than one computer. - Correct Answer Distributed Systems Use many independent computers to provide computations or services comparable to those of a larger machine. The cost of several individual machines can be less than a higher- priced supercomputer, with comparable performance. - Correct Answer Clustering computing Typically includes specialized software to make it easier to distribute the workload and data among the machines in the grid. - Correct Answer Grid computing Provides large pools of shared computers that can be allocated to clients as needed. Services such as Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud allow clients to rent virtual computers by the hour no matter where the associated computer hardware is located. - Correct Answer Cloud computing 32bit address pattern (e.g., 192.207.177.103) - Correct Answer IPv 128bit address pattern (e.g., 2001:DB8:12:34::1111) - Correct Answer IPv A non-profit organization that coordinates the internet's operations - Correct Answer ICANN (International Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) the protocol used for transmitting web pages over the Internet - Correct Answer HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) A communications protocol that enables sending email from a client to a server or between servers. - Correct Answer SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
an email protocol that stores and downloads messages to a client - Correct Answer POP (Post Office Protocol) A more recent and advanced electronic email system for incoming mail. - Correct Answer IMAP (internet mail access protocol) protocol that transmits phone calls over the same data lines and networks that make up the Internet; also called Internet telephony - Correct Answer VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) links documents, allowing users to move from one to another simply by clicking on a hot spot or link - Correct Answer Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) A computer that runs special software to serve up Web content by responding to requests. - Correct Answer Web Server A location or address identifying where documents can be found on the Internet, a Web address - Correct Answer URL (Uniform Resource Locator) The standard coding language used to construct World Wide Web documents. - Correct Answer HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) Malicious software is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server, client, or computer network. - Correct Answer Malware A software program that infects a computer by inserting itself into programs that already reside in the machine. When the "host" program is executed, the virus is also executed, possibly performing degradations of portions of the operating system, erasing large amounts of data, or corrupting data and other programs. - Correct Answer Virus An autonomous program that forwards copies of itself other machine in a network and cloud results in detriment of individual machines or the operations of the network. - Correct Answer Worm Resides on a computer, collecting information about the computer's activities and reporting back to the spyware's instigator. Passwords or credit card numbers can be exposed via spyware. - Correct Answer Spyware
Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac - Correct Answer Three most common operating systems It extends the capabilities of an operating system and helps customize the operating system's function. e.g., software to compress or decompress data, play multimedia presentations, and handle network communications. - Correct Answer Utility Sofware contains the operating system components that perform the basic functions required by the computer installation. One such unit is the file manager whose function is to coordinate the machine's storage. - Correct Answer Kernel It maintains records of all the files stored in secondary storage, including where each file is stored, which users have access, and portions of the storage are available for new files. - Correct Answer File Manager Allows end users to communicate with operating system. - Correct Answer User Interface (UI) A type of user interface that communicates with end users through textual messages using a keyboard and monitor. - Correct Answer Command Line Interface (CLI) Type of user interface that allows a user to interact with software using text, graphics, and visual images, such as icons. - Correct Answer Graphical User Interface (GUI) a record within the operating system with information such as a name, password, and user privileges (e.g., administrator vs. standard user) - Correct Answer User Account technique of swapping items between memory and storage - Correct Answer Paging (Memory Management) Software that facilitates the communication between a device and the operating system. - Correct Answer Device Driver Software that people use to complete daily tasks is called productivity software. Productivity software is used to complete tasks such as writing documents, managing personal information, giving presentations, storing data, and sending email. - Correct Answer Productivity Software
Software helps people communicate and work with one another, and helps computers share information. - Correct Answer Collaboration Software Software performs tasks for specific purposes. - Correct Answer Specialized Software Custom made, specifically designed and developed for an organization. - Correct Answer Bespoke Software Not customizable; intended to be used as purchased - Correct Answer Off-the-Shelf Software Flexible; new features can be introduced via customization options - Correct Answer Hybrid Software Software stored on an individual computer. - Correct Answer Local Application An application that does not reside or run on a user's device but rather is accessible via a network. (Flexible; new features can be introduced via customization options) - Correct Answer Cloud Application The agreement on the amount of times it can be used, downloaded, or installed - Correct Answer Software Licensing Shareware, Freeware, and public domain - Correct Answer Software Packing software that is available free of charge and often distributed informally for evaluation, after which a fee may be requested for continued use. - Correct Answer Shareware Software that is given away free of charge, but whose author still retains all rights. - Correct Answer Freeware No EULA and no intellectual property protections and is available for anyone to download and use at their own discretion. - Correct Answer Public Domain Software Translates source code into machine language. A compiler checks source code for errors before translating it into object code. e.g. C, C++, C#, and Java programs - Correct Answer Complier
Store data in a plain text. Each line of text file holds one record. It cannot contain multiple tables. - Correct Answer Flat-file database One of the oldest database models. Data is organized in a tree structure. There is one parent for each record, with optional nodes, forming sub-trees called segments. Access to the data is predictable and restricted to the paths in the trees. - Correct Answer Hierarchical Database Contain database tables that can be joined together in logical ways. - Correct Answer Relational databases It refers to the whole set of activities that ensure all databases are highly available, secure, and scalable. - Correct Answer Database administration Database security, tuning, high availability, business continuity, backup & recovery, reporting, and designing & developing database applications. - Correct Answer Database Administrator (DBA) responsibilities
- Communication
- Data collection and management
- Information security management
- Consumer relationship management
- Process improvement - Correct Answer Five domains of Information technology Strategy and policies for using information technology within an organization, specifying the decision rights and accountabilities to ensure that information technology supports the organization's strategies and objectives. - Correct Answer IT Governance Uses the resources and skills of a developed workforce from an external organization - Correct Answer Outsourcing Assigns a project to employees within the organization. Insourcing generally requires the development of new operations and processes, making it an expensive option. - Correct Answer Insourcing initiation, planning, execution, project closure - Correct Answer Project Management Life Cycle
Broadly defines the project. It usually begins with a business case, followed by a feasibility study. - Correct Answer Project Initiation
- Includes developing a road map that everyone follows,
- Defines the project scope and drafts a project management plan - Correct Answer Project Planning Defines the project scope and drafts a project management plan. Tasks typically include developing the project team, assigning resources, setting up tracking systems, conducting status meetings, and monitoring the project timetable. - Correct Answer Project Execution The project is declared complete, and the project team is dissolved. Project managers complete the final project documentation, including financial reports. Generally, meetings are also a part of this phase, allowing members of the project team to reflect on strengths and opportunities for improvement. - Correct Answer Project Closure Planning, design, implementation, testing, deployment and maintenance. - Correct Answer Software Development Life Cycle The business typically defines the goals and purposes of new applications. - Correct Answer Software Planning Phase requires significant input from stakeholders, such as potential users, as well as those with other ties, such as legal or financial interests. - Correct Answer Requirement Analysis
- Compiling and analyzing the needs of the system use
- Negotiating with project stakeholders on trade-offs between wants, needs, costs, and feasibility.
- Developing a set of requirements identifying the necessary features and services of the completed system - Correct Answer Requirement Analysis Process In use from 1946 to 1959, was the entry to what would consider computing today. The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was the first real computer designed for the military and military-type applications. It used vacuum tubes to store information and occupied the size of a warehouse. It had to be programmed in machine language, which was complicated. - Correct Answer First Generation Computer - Vacuum tubes
