The Impact of Computers on Business and Industry: From the Factory to Retail and Banking, Slides of Applications of Computer Sciences

The transformative role of computers in business and industry, from manufacturing to retail sales and marketing, and banking. It covers topics such as computer-aided design, manufacturing resource planning systems, industrial robots, point-of-sale systems, and online banking. The document also discusses the impact of computers on employment and the workforce, including the digital divide.

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 04/16/2013

alok-sarath
alok-sarath 🇮🇳

4.3

(35)

143 documents

1 / 25

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Computers in
Business and Industry
Docsity.com
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19

Partial preview of the text

Download The Impact of Computers on Business and Industry: From the Factory to Retail and Banking and more Slides Applications of Computer Sciences in PDF only on Docsity!

Computers in

Business and Industry

Introduction

  • Computer technology has changed every aspect of

business and industry

  • In the factory
  • In retail sales and marketing
  • In banking
  • In the office
  • Computers have also impacted the health and quality

of life of individuals

  • Technology will change the economy and

employment in the future

Computers In the Factory

  • Computer-aided design (CAD)
    • Uses a computer and special software to assist in product design
  • Computer-aided engineering (CAE)
    • Uses computers to test product designs
  • Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
    • Uses computers to direct machines that produce and assemble a product
  • Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
    • Combines CAD, CAE, and CAM into one system

Manufacturing Resource Planning

(MRP) Systems

  • Job-scheduling system
    • Helps decide when to initiate production based on supplies and customer demand
  • Inventory control system
    • Tracks and matches current inventory supplies against anticipated future orders to ensure component availability
  • Just-in-time manufacturing
    • Lets manufacturers acquire components just before they are needed on the assembly line

Industrial Robots

  • Computer-controlled robots perform work that

might be hazardous to people

Computers In Retail Sales and

Marketing

  • Point-of-sale (POS) systems record purchases,

process credit or debit cards, and update inventory

  • A bar code scanner reads the bar code on a product with a laser beam
  • Bar codes consist of the manufacturer and item name
  • The computer retrieves the price and product information from the database
  • The inventory is updated
  • The output from POS can be used as input into other inventory, processing and accounting systems

Inventory Control Systems

  • Obtains information directly from POS
  • Provides a real-time look at the availability of

products

  • Alerts warehouse when reorder points are reached
    • Hand scanners update inventory when items are stocked
  • Inventory database can often be accessed by

customers over the Web

  • Inventory is updated when customer reserves a product for pickup

Marketing and Sales

  • Database marketing allows companies to mine

customer databases and create marketing lists

  • Customers can share preferences for future use
  • Companies determine user preferences based on

past buying behavior

  • Consumers may receive spam from companies who

share user information

  • Customer can opt-in to receive mail only when requested
  • Customer can opt-out to instruct the company not to share information

Direct Deposit and ACH

  • Direct deposit transfer funds electronically to a bank

in order for a company to deposit funds into a

specified account

  • Eliminates paychecks for payer
  • Saves trips to the bank or ATM for payee
  • An automated clearing house (ACH) sorts automated

payment instructions to transfer funds

  • ACH network acts as the central clearing facility for all EFT transactions

Smart Credit Cards

  • Stores data on an embedded microprocessor
  • Updates data instantaneously
  • Used for a wide range of applications
    • Originally used as stored value cards for pay phones
    • Used by train commuters in Tokyo
  • Can be contact or contactless
    • Contact cards connect metallic pads with the reader’s metallic pins
    • Contactless cards use a radio frequency to transfer information between the card and reader

Computers In the Office

  • Technology is an integral part of today’s office
    • Computers, PDA, networked printers, fax machines, e-mail, cell phones
  • Documents are stored on disk instead of paper
  • Companies have corporate intranets to process

online forms

  • PDF (Portable Document Format) files are used to

preserve formatting across a variety of platforms in a

network or on the Internet

  • Paper is still used for easier reading

Telecommuting

  • A work arrangement in which employees work away from the

office and communicate with the office using technology

RSI and CVS

  • A repetitive stress injury (RSI) is caused when muscle groups

complete the same repetitive actions over and over again

  • Keyboards and mice are major sources of RSIs
  • Symptoms include stiffness or burning of hands, loss of strength in hands, and pain in the upper back, shoulders, and back
  • Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is caused by screen glare,

improper lighting, and monitor settings hard on the eyes

  • Symptoms include eyestrain, dry or burning eyes, increased sensitivity to light, blurred vision, headache, and pain in the shoulders, neck, or back

Employee Monitoring

  • Involves the use of computers to observe, record,

and review an employee’s use of a computer

  • E-mail messages inside and outside the company
  • Web sites visited by employee
  • Time spent away from the computer
  • Keystrokes performed per hour
  • Employee monitoring is legal
  • Employers use monitoring to ensure network

security and manage productivity