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COMSAE 1 COMPREHENSIVE TEST SCRIPT 2026 SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Typology: Exams
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◉ erythema infectiosum. Answer: slapped cheek parvovirus B nonspecific fever/prodrome then slapp cheek rash 5 days later, then rash appears on arms and spreads to trunk/legs rash can worsen w fever and sun exposure TORCH infxn so baby in womb that is exposed can lead to hydrops fetalis ◉ most common STD. Answer: chlamydia sxs similar to STI plus discharge will have high neutrophil count
◉ dimorphic- butterflies. Answer: candida, histo, cocci, paracocci, blasto, sporothrix, butterflies huge pair of cocc catching stamp ◉ hip restricted in internal rotation dx?. Answer: innom outflare ◉ immune complex in glomerular mesangium 2 days after URI berger or PSGN?. Answer: berger PSGN is 2 wks post URI ◉ kidney ureter viscerosomatic innervation. Answer: T10- 11 ◉ college student w nonspecific symptoms nonproductive cough, sore throat CXR- diffuse infiltrates. Answer: myco PNA
◉ Tx for Orotic aciduria. Answer: Uridine - inhibits carbamoyl phosphate synthetase ◉ Short acting benzos. Answer: ATOM Alprazolam, Triazolam, Oxazepam, Midazolam ◉ Medium acting benzos. Answer: LET Lorazepam, Estraolam, Temazepam ◉ Long acting benzos. Answer: Clordiazepoxide, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Flurazepam ◉ Climacteric period. Answer: Menopause ◉ Compartment syndrome d/t occlusion of:. Answer: Microvasculature (small arteries) ◉ Grave's disease ab. Answer: anti-TSH ◉ Addison's disease. Answer: Primary adrenal insufficiency d/t adrenal atrophy or destruction by disease
◉ hpL. Answer: human placental lactogen - increases insulin resistance, stimulates proteolysis and lipolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis --> hyperinsulin, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia ◉ Hit in front or back of head. Answer: SBS compression ◉ Hit under chin on same side. Answer: Torsion ◉ Blow on side of head. Answer: Torsion strain ◉ Hit on same side of head. Answer: Lateral strain ◉ Hit on forehead at top of head. Answer: Superior strain ◉ Hit at occiput. Answer: Inferior strain ◉ Touch, pain, temp sensation from ipsilateral face. Answer: Spinal trigeminal nucleus ◉ Ritodrine/Terbutaline. Answer: Beta 2 agonist that relzxes the uterus to reduce premature uterine cotnractions; tocolytic "Ritodrine allows the fetus to return to dreams"
◉ Cytosolic steroid receptor. Answer: VET CAP Vitamin D, Estrogen, Testosterone, Cortisol, Aldosterone, Progesterone ◉ Nuclear steroid receptor. Answer: T3/T ◉ Tetanus tx. Answer: Tetanus antitoxin and tetanus toxoid series ◉ Balantidium coli. Answer: protozoa found in pigs ◉ Sumatriptan. Answer: 5-HT 1B/1D agonist --> vasoconstsriction, inhibition of trigeminal activation and vasoactive peptide release ◉ Tx of S. pneumonia. Answer: Penicillin ◉ Asthma drugs that cause tremors. Answer: Albuterol, Theophylline ◉ Theophylline MOA. Answer: inhibits phosphodiesterease --> dec cAMP ◉ Xenograft. Answer: from different species
◉ syngeneic graft. Answer: from identical twin ◉ Cyclophosphamide. Answer: alkylates DNA ◉ inferior vesical artery. Answer: goes to fundus of bladder ◉ corticobulbar tract of internal capsule. Answer: composed of UMN of CNs, for muscles of face, head, and neck all CNs except III, IV, VI ◉ inhaled anthrax. Answer: shows up as mediastinal widening on CXR ◉ vaginosis and pH. Answer: pH of greater than 4.5 is likely bacterial ◉ insultation installers. Answer: susceptible to asbestos ◉ junctional rhythm. Answer: pacemaker is the AV node. it usually presents without a P wave or with an inverted P wave. Retrograde P waves refers to the depolarization from the AV node back towards the SA node ◉ ova in stool. Answer: means one of the following:
◉ Balantidium coli. Answer: In trophozoites, the two nuclei are visible. The macronucleus is long and sausage-shaped, and the spherical micronucleus is nested next to it, often hidden by the macronucleus. Balantidium is the only ciliated protozoan known to infect humans. Balantidiasis is a zoonotic disease and is acquired by humans via the feco-oral route from the normal host, the pig, where it is asymptomatic. Contaminated water is the most common mechanism of transmission. In acute disease, explosive diarrhea may occur as often as every twenty minutes. Perforation of the colon may also occur in acute infections which can lead to life-threatening situations ◉ Isosporiasis. Answer: The coccidian parasite Isospora belli infects the epithelial cells of the small intestine, and is the least common of the three intestinal coccidia that infect humans (Toxoplasma, Cryptosporidium, and Isospora). Infection causes acute, non-bloody diarrhea with crampy abdominal pain, which can last for weeks and result in malabsorption and weight loss. In immunodepressed patients, and in infants and children, the diarrhea can be severe. Eosinophilia may be present (differently from other protozoan infections. ◉ Cilostazol. Answer: Cilostazol is approved for the treatment of intermittent claudication
◉ Quadrigeminal cistern. Answer: Superior cistern or cistern of the great cerebral vein ◉ Duret haemorrhage. Answer: Duret hemorrhages are small areas of bleeding in the ventral and paramedian parts of the upper brainstem, (midbrain and pons). They are secondary to raised intracranial pressure with formation of a transtentorial pressure cone involving the cerebral peduncles (crus cerebri) and other midbrain structures caused by raised pressure above the tentorium. Kernohan's notch is a groove in the cerebral peduncle that may be caused by this displacement of the brainstem against the incisura of the tentorium. The resulting ipsilateral hemiparesis is a false localising sign,[3] known as the Kernohan-Woltman syndrome.[4] This may succeed or accompany temporal lobe (uncal) herniation and subfalcian herniation secondary to a supratentorial mass ◉ 1mo development. Answer: focus on face, lifts head, moro reflex, turns to sound, turns head to sound ◉ 2mo development. Answer: Coos, fixe and follow, grasps, smiles responsively, lifts head, turns head to sound ◉ 4mo development. Answer: Coos/squeals/laughs, Bears weight, follow 180 degrees, Grasps, Holds head/chest up, holds small toy, no head lag, reaches, rolls front to back, turns to sound
◉ 3 - yr developmental milestones. Answer: 3-5 word sentences, balances on one foot, asks what? why? builds 10-block tower, copies circle and x, counts to 3, dresses self, knows name/age/gender, pedals tricyle, plays with other kids, recognizes 3 colors, toilet trained, walks upstairs alternating feet ◉ 4 - yr developmental milestones. Answer: 4-5 word sentences, catches ball, cuts and pastes, draws people, dresses and undresses themselves, enjoy jokes, jumps/hops, names 4-5 colors, pedals tricycle, plays well with others, walks on tiptoes ◉ 5yr developmental milestones. Answer: counts to 10, draws people with 2-5 body parts, follows directions, knows address/phone number, knows on/off, over/under, plays cooperatively, pretend play, prints name, rides bike, skips, speaks understandably, tells, imaginary stories ◉ Unpasteurized goat cheese. Answer: Brucella ◉ Laxative abuse. Answer: electrolyte imbalance severe dehydration dependency stretched or "lazy" colon
◉ balantidium coli. Answer: protozoa that causes GI infection, ingest cysts thru infected water or food produces hyalonuridase and creates ulcers in mucosal walls ◉ Isospora belli. Answer: diarrhea, steatorrhea, malabsorption, non- bloody diarrhea ◉ Ballottement test. Answer: palpating surface of an organ at the surface of the body **i.e. during pregnancy, palpating the uterus ◉ Tibial nerve. Answer: can be compressed in the tarsal tunnel, roof of which is flexor retinaculum ◉ Pentoxifylline. Answer: used for intermittent claudication and vascular dementia it changes the shape of RBCs ◉ Prevotella intermedia. Answer: acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis periodontal infections ◉ Prophyromonas gingivalis. Answer: gingivitis, periodontal disease
◉ Middle GI. Answer: T9-T ◉ What composes the middle GI?. Answer: Portions of pancreas and duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, prox 2/3 of transverse colon ◉ Lower GI. Answer: T12-L ◉ What composes the lower GI. Answer: Distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum ◉ Kidneys. Answer: T11-L ◉ Upper ureters. Answer: T10-L ◉ Lower ureters. Answer: L1-L ◉ Urinary bladder and urethra. Answer: T11-L ◉ Gonads. Answer: T10-T
◉ Uterus and cervix. Answer: T10-L ◉ Erectile penis or clit. Answer: T11-L ◉ Arms. Answer: T5-T ◉ Legs. Answer: T10-T ◉ Parasympathetics to everything above lower GI tract, and Kidneys and upper ureters. Answer: Vagus nerve ◉ Parasympathetics to the Lower GI tract, Lower ureters, bladder, urethra, gonads, uterus, cervix, and penis/clit. Answer: S2-S ◉ Common compensatory pattern rotation. Answer: OA- Left Cervicothoracic- Right Thoracolumbar- Left Lumbosacral- Right ◉ Ankle ligament sprains. Answer: 1. ATF
◉ Adduction of shoulder. Answer: Pect major, lat dorsi ◉ Flexion of shoulder. Answer: Coracobrachialis, anterior deltoid ◉ Extension of shoulder. Answer: Lat dorsi, teres major, post deltoid ◉ External rotation of shoulder. Answer: Infraspinatus, teres minor ◉ Internal rotation of shoulder. Answer: Subscapularis, pect major, teres major, lat dorsi ◉ Carrying angle of arm increases. Answer: When wrist adducts and ulna abducts ◉ Innervation: Flexors of the wrist and hand besides flexor carpi ulnaris (ulnar nerve). Answer: Median nerve ◉ Innervation: Extensors of wrist and hand. Answer: Radial nerve ◉ Innervation: Primary supinators of forearm. Answer: Biceps: musculocutaneous n Supinator: Radial n
◉ Innervation: Primary pronators of forearm. Answer: Pronator teres and pronator quadratus: radial n ◉ Innervation: Thenar eminence except abductor pollicus brevis (ulnar). Answer: Median n ◉ Innervation: Hypothenar eminence and interossi. Answer: Ulnar n ◉ Innervation: 1st and 2nd lumbricles. Answer: Median n ◉ 3rd and 4th lumbricles. Answer: Ulnar n ◉ Cubitus varus and valgus of the arm. Answer: Less than 3 and more than 15 degrees ◉ Difference between problem with median nerve (C6-C8, T1) and with Klumpke's palsy (C7, C8, T1). Answer: Both have extension of MCP, Flexion of PIP/DIP. Median nerve has thenar wasting and adducted thumb ◉ L1 motor and sensation. Answer: Iliopsoas; anterior thigh below inguinal ligament
