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COMSAE PHASE 2 LEVEL 2 BSA 119 EXAM
PREP QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED SOLUTION
odds ratio vs relative risk odds ratio: for case control studies control for disease and examine exposure odds dz+ in exposed group/odds dz+ in unexposed (a/b)/(c/d) ratio is not a fraction! so the bottom number is not the total its the unaffected relative risk: for cohort studies that control for exposures and examine who got the disease prob getting dz exposed/prob getting dz unexposed a/(a+b) / c/(c+d) When is an odds ratio used case-control studies When is a relative risk ratio used? RCT or Cohort study Delayed puberty in girls Absence of secondary sexual characteristics by age 13 failure of menarche by 16
delayed puberty in males no testicular growth has occurred by age 14 or no skeletal growth spurt has occurred by age 18 constitutional growth delay MCC of growth delay. growth lags behind others in same age but remains consistent. Often there is family history Will have delayed bone age
muscles and their innervation that cause foot eversion peroneus longus peroneus brevis peroneus tertius by the peroneal nerve L4- 5 who's at risk for aspiration pneumonia immune spuppressed: HIV, DM, alcoholism, malnutrition impaired airway protection: smoking, dysphagia, alcohol intoxication AMS psoas syndrome findings Backward sacral torsion Nonneutral L Ipsilateral psoas spasm Contralateral pelvic shift and piriformis spasm E xaggerated lumbar lordosis when supine Positive thomas test crush injury and suspected compartment syndrome. 1st compartment pressures test passive ROM normal and active ROM limited in rotator cuff tear shoulder abduction when is esophageal manometry used Diagnose motility disorders like achalasia, diffuse esophageal spasm and prior to surgery for reflux disease damage to what lobe causes agraphesthesia parietal side is determined which side independent practice association physician maintain individual or group practice but contract with HMO with a fee hmo A group plan offering prepaid medical care to its members
Psittacosis zoonotic respiratory fungal infection of birds; AKA parrot fever tx w/ doxycycline What cranial technique helps restore function to CN VII temporal rocking and VIII? metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and risk factors RF: cardiometabolic including Central obesity, prediabetes or T2DM, HTN >130/85 or taking antihypertensives, triglyceridemia, low HDL, or taking lipid lowering agent typically mor ALT than AST hip click in 6 week old. Next step? US of hip observer bias when results are affected by the investigators awareness of the exposure status ex: PI knows which pts in ICU are on new regimen What limits generalizability selection bias selection bias certain individuals are more likely to be selected for a study making it nonrandon postmenopausal women endometrial stripe thickness < 5 mm prophylaxis for meningococcus ciprofloxacin, rifampin, or ceftriaxone ceftazidime 3rd generation cephalosporin dry bone tap Hairy Cell, Myelofibrosis, Aplastic anemia when do you start compressions in immediate care of the newborn? if they have not had respirations within the firs 30- 60 seconds of life
pt has gout, GERD, alcohol use disorder with cirrhosis. check folate b/c alcoholism have low folate labs: low Hb, MCV elevated, PLT low, elevated reticulocyte count. Next step? PLT are low b/c cirrhosis signs of cerebellar hemorrhage - neck stiffness
- ataxia gait
- nystagmus
- occipital headache
- vomiting
- vertigo subarachnoid hemorrhage Bleeding into the subarachnoid space, where the cerebrospinal fluid circulates SS: severe headache impaired consciousness AMS Decorticate posturing arms flexed inward and bent in toward the body and the legs are extended deCORticate: flex arms to your core lesion is above the midbrain including RN and VN Decerebration posturing abnormal extension of arms and legs due to brain stem dysfunction occurring b/t the red nuc and the vestibulospinal tract (around pons to midbrain) systolic murmur worsens with standing and valsalva hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (decreased preload)? tx of molar pregnancy suction curettage monitor BHCG for 8 - 12 weeks or until it goes WNL methotrexate if unresolved pt has angioedema, pruritic rash, after an argument. Pt c1 esterase inhibitor had similar reactions as a child. Cause? Ristocetin cofactor activity normal patients clot with ristocetin , vWD does not diagnose celiac disease tissue transglutaminase antibody level or antigliadin antibody if elevated, then duodenal biopsy to confirm Rhus dermatitis Contact dermatitis caused by Poison ivy, oak, or sumac is called:
What limits external validity? a nonrepresentative population What kind of study is this? examining incidence of observational cohort study diabetes in vegetarians over 4 years? trypanosomiasis occurs in central and south america caused by reduviid bug infected with trypanosoma cruzi edema at bite site (on face typically), unilat painless edema of eyelids and periocular tissue after 10 - 2 yrs chagas cardiomyopathy causes biventricular dilative cardiomyopathy, achalasia and megacolon babesiosis endemic to minnesota, wisconsin and north east states carried by Ixodes tick; Babesia are intraerythrocytic parasites; hemolytic anemia causes dark urine, jaundice, fever, HA, arthralgia tx atovaquone + azithromycin what causes peaked P waves? right atrial enlargement often caused by pulmonale kerley b lines CHF, pulmonary hypertension initial treatment of prolonged QT interval fix electrolyte disturbances to increase Ca, K, Mg give BB and mg supplements exam findings w/ salicylate poisoning early signs: tinnitus, N/V, hyperventilation late signs: hyperthermia, agitation, delirium, seizures, noncardiogenic pulm edema early will have re spiratory alkalosis from hyperventilation late will have anion gap metabolic acidosis
