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PURPOSE: To determine your average speed in a particular event, and to use your average speed to calculate an unknown distance. INTRODUCTION: Average speed is a measure of how fast an object moves over a certain time period: average speed = total distance covered time interval or s = d t MATERIALS: Stopwatch, tape measure or meter sticks PROCEDURE: Part A: Average Speed Determination For this part of the lab, you need to choose an activity such as walking or running, and determine your average speed for that activity.
Part B: Determination of the Unknown Distance While you are outside, your teacher will identify an unknown distance, and you will try to determine what that distance is without directly measuring it.
Discuss with students the fact that they’ll need to attempt to keep a consistent speed across trials in the first part of the lab, so that they’ll be able to have useful data for determining the distance in the second part of the lab. At the start of the school year, students may need assistance in developing a data table. In most cases, students will want to create something like this: Trial # Measured time to travel distance (seconds) 1 2 3 Average time (seconds) - > The strategy in Part B consists of having students understand that they can rearrange the s = d t equation to yield d = st. Part C asks students to consider how the average speed is related to changing speeds when the initial speed is 0: vaverage = vinitial + vfinal 2 vaverage = 0 + vfinal 2 when object starts from rest vfinal = 2 × vaverage The topic of acceleration is also introduced, although some students may not yet be ready to actually perform this calculation. a = change in velocity time
∆ v ∆ t a = vfinal − vinitial t