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Concordia Biology 201 Lab Exam
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER-Secretion of Materials In Kidney, ducts, bronchioles Stratified Squamous Epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER-Bottom = Germinal Layer Top, dead flat cells = corneum In Skin Epithelial Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-Lining of body/certain organs Simple/Stratified Squamous/Cuboidal/Columnar Cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER-To reduce friction, cushion impacts, flexibility Collagenous fibres Ovals= Chondrocytes (in matrix of fibres) Bone - CORRECT ANSWER-Mineralized material & collagen Parts: Osteblast (large circle), osteons (ovals in layers), central canal Provides anchor + leverage for skeletal muscle, protection and calcium storage Blood - CORRECT ANSWER-Plasma Erythrocytes (RBC's) ~6um Leukocytes (WBC's) ~10um Thrombocytes (platelets) ~1um Fibrous Connective Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-Contains collagen fiber and fibroblast. In tendons and ligaments. Loose Connective Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-Loose web of fibres (matrix of fibres). Fibroblast (large nuclei) In areolar tissue. Connective Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-Fibres: collagenous (strength, flexibility), reticular (attachment), elastic In loose, fibrious connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood, adipose. Simple Columnar Epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER-Upper can be cilia or microvilli Base (bottom) nuclei Purpose: absorption
In intestines Adipose Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-Large droplet of flat Storage of food (energy), padding, insulation Muscle Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-Long thin cells = muscle fibres : Skeletal, smooth, cardiac Skeletal Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-Voluntary muscles (striated) Very long, multi-nuclei, uniform in thickness, blunt ends, striations Smooth Muscle Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-Involutary, lacking transverse bonds, 500um long, 45um at widest middle, tapered ends In walls of internal organs Cardiac Muscle Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-Involuntary: short, single nucleus, connected by intercalated discs Nerve Tissue - CORRECT ANSWER-Neurons + glia Parts of neurons: dendrites, cell body (nucleus), axon, axon terminal Respiratory System - CORRECT ANSWER-Larynx->Trachea->Bronchi(->Lung)-
Bronchioles->Alveoli (Diaphragm) Digestive System - CORRECT ANSWER-Esophagus->Stomach(->Liver->Gall bladder- Pancreas)->Small intestine->Large intenstine->Rectum->anus Circulatory System - CORRECT ANSWER-Arteries from heart Capillaries Veins to heart Vena Cava - > Right Atrium - >Right Ventricle - >Pulmonary Artery - > Lungs - > Pulmonary Veins - > Left Atrium - > Left Ventricle - > Aorta Excretory System - CORRECT ANSWER-Blood->Kidneys->ureters->urinary->bladder- urethra 3 Domains - CORRECT ANSWER-Archaea Eukarya Bacteria Bacteria Shapes - CORRECT ANSWER-Cocci (sphere) Bacilli (rod) Spirillus (spiral) Strepto- lines Staphylo- clusters
(Smaller particles move more) Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER-Movement from high concentration to lower until dynamic equilibrium is reached. Movement across Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER-Passive: Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion (through channels or with carrier proteins) Active: Active Transport Cytosis (endo in/ exo out) Osmosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Water diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane Solution Solvent Solute - CORRECT ANSWER-Mixture That gets dissolved That does the dissolving Iso/hyper/hypotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER-The cell is Same/Shrivels/Bloated Same/higher-solute-outside/lower-solute-outside Cyclosis - CORRECT ANSWER-The cycling of the cytoplasm in the cell Cell Cycle/ Mitotic Cell Division - CORRECT ANSWER-Eukaryotic cells actively dividing. Interphase (Gap 1, Synthesis, Gap 2) Mitotic Phase (mitosis and cytokinesis) Chromosomes - CORRECT ANSWER-X is chromosomes (46 in humans)
is chromatid Attachement of >< at centromere Duplication in Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER-Binary fission (self-cloning) Mitosis Stages - CORRECT ANSWER-Prophase
Prometaphase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Prophase - CORRECT ANSWER-Chromosomes condense, nucleolus disappears, spindles form Prometaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-Spindle attach to centromeres, nuclear envelope breaks up
Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-Chromosomes line up along the middle (metaphase plate) Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER-Chromatids break free of each other Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER-singles disappear, nucleoli starts to form, new cell wall (cell plate) begins to form, nuclear envelopes begins to assemble Meiosis - CORRECT ANSWER-For two gametes to form a new cell they must be haploids. Meiosis I & II, four daughter cells. Prophase I, crossing over happens, when homologous pairs condense. Anaphase I, get one chromosome (with two chromatids) from the homologous pair, theforth half of the parent cell (2n - > n) Phenotype/genotype - CORRECT ANSWER-'Visiable' Manifestation/ Letter Alleles Diploid/Haploid - CORRECT ANSWER-Both alleles/ Just one letter Gametes - CORRECT ANSWER-Being haploid, having only one allele, one letter Common dihybrid crosses AaBb X AaBb AaBb X AAbb - CORRECT ANSWER-9 : 3 : 3 : 1 Phenotype 50% domres: 50% domdom Genetic Drift - CORRECT ANSWER-Change in allele frequency due to chance Natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER-Better survival/reproduction due to trait, cause more presents of trait Loci - CORRECT ANSWER-Location for trait DNA bases - CORRECT ANSWER-Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine Gel electrophoresis - CORRECT ANSWER-Comparing DNA from two different sources by cutting it using restriction enzyme and 'measuring' sizes left. Less expensive and time-consuming. Restriction Enzyme - CORRECT ANSWER-Cuts DNA at certain sequences Lambda DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-'Control' DNA that gives us length(bases) distance relationship because length is known
Air bladders: pneumatocysts Swelling at tips: receptacles I.e. Rockweed Red Algae - CORRECT ANSWER-Multicellular, macroscopic Photoautrophs Cell wales of cellulose and gel-forming polysaccharides I.E. Irish Moss Green Algae - CORRECT ANSWER-Some are unicellular, some form colonies All photoautrophs Cell wall of cellulose I.e. Chlamydomnas, cup-shaped chloroplast, nucleus, cytoplasm I.e. Volvox, filled with daughter cells Amoebozoa - CORRECT ANSWER-Unicellular chemoheterotrophs Have Pseudopodia Ciliates - CORRECT ANSWER-Oval unicellular chemoheterotrophs Have cilia I.e. Paramecium Euglenozoa - CORRECT ANSWER-Oval unicellular chemoheterotrophs or photoautrophs (have chloroplast) Have flagellum Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER-Chemoheterotrophs Cell Walls of Chitin Usually Multicellular Long filaments: hyphae, (in a mat called mycelium) Phylum Basidomycota (mushrooms) - CORRECT ANSWER-Basidiocarp (produces at one point in life cycle), basidia (produces spores, mictroscopic) Gills Pileux (cap) Stipe (stem) Yeast - CORRECT ANSWER-Unicellular, found in moist or water, some reproduce sexually but most only reproduce asexually (budding) (Fungi with no hyphae) Lichen - CORRECT ANSWER-Mutualistic symbiosis Photautotroph + FUngi Mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER-Mutualstic Symbiosis of: Fungi on roots of plant where they exchange materials
Parts of Flower - CORRECT ANSWER-Stem Receptacles, Ovary, Ovules, Style, Pisitil (Stigma) Sepal, Petals Filament, Pollen sacks, (Stamen), Anther Parts of Seed - CORRECT ANSWER-Monocot: Endsperm, one cotyledon (one cot), plumule, radicle, pericarp Dicot: two cotyledon (two cot), plumule, radicle, seed coat Parts of Root - CORRECT ANSWER-Root hair, Epidermis, Cortex (=cytoplasm), vascular cylinder, apical meristem (zone of cell divison) root cap Zone of maturation (top) Zone of elongation (middle) Coelom - CORRECT ANSWER-Body cavity Found in all but Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes (pseudocolem in nematoda) Cloaca - CORRECT ANSWER-Common opening for digestive, excretory, reproductive Not in lamprey, ray-finned fish, only in monotremes mammals
