Control and Coordination notes - biology, Study notes of Biology

These are the notes of control and coordination of class 10 biology covering all the important topics of chapter...

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2025/2026

Available from 02/01/2026

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Control and Coordination
What is Control and Coordination
Control and coordination is the system by which all activities of the body are
regulated and work together properly.
In humans, it is done by:
Nervous system
Endocrine (hormonal) system
Nervous System
Function
It controls and coordinates body activities using electrical signals.
Main Parts
Part Function
Brain Controls thinking, memory, actions
Spinal cord Reflex actions, connects brain to body
Nerves Carry messages
Neuron (Nerve Cell)
Neuron – The structural and functional unit of nervous system.
Parts of Neuron
Part Function
Dendrites Receive message
Cell body Processes message
Axon Sends message
Reflex Action
Reflex action is a quick, automatic response to a stimulus.
Example
Touching a hot pan → hand moves back quickly.
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Control and Coordination

What is Control and Coordination

Control and coordination is the system by which all activities of the body are regulated and work together properly. In humans, it is done by: Nervous system Endocrine (hormonal) system

Nervous System

Function It controls and coordinates body activities using electrical signals. Main Parts Part Function Brain Controls thinking, memory, actions Spinal cord Reflex actions, connects brain to body Nerves Carry messages

Neuron (Nerve Cell )

Neuron – The structural and functional unit of nervous system. Parts of Neuron Part Function Dendrites Receive message Cell body Processes message Axon Sends message

Reflex Action

Reflex action is a quick, automatic response to a stimulus. Example Touching a hot pan → hand moves back quickly.

Reflex Arc Path followed by nerve impulse during reflex: Receptor → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Effector Brain Parts of Brain Part Function Cerebrum Thinking, memory, voluntary actions Cerebellum Balance, posture Medulla Controls breathing, heartbeat Endocrine System Endocrine system controls activities using hormones. Hormone A chemical messenger secreted by glands into blood. Major Endocrine Glands Gland Hormone Function Pituitary Growth hormone Controls growth Thyroid Thyroxine Controls metabolism Adrenal Adrenaline Fight or flight Pancreas Insulin Controls blood sugar Testes Testosterone Male characters Ovaries Estrogen Female characters

Hormonal system for long-term control