Coordination Compounds, Lecture notes of Chemistry

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CO-ORDINATION

COMPOUNDS

° Transih’on metalo form Qa forge Vio. Complex combo undo wn Usthuch the metal atom¢ are bound tM anumber 4 qnions OF Neubok moletule by charing HeP. Such compound are Kmu ag Co-ordllhatin . ». Cypourds.

Difference bis Pouble Salt and Co-ordinahon

Covpows

Pouble Salt Co-osdinahion Compounds. 2 They usually contain to simbe 5 The simple salty fyom whit Salk yn egurmelay prpo von tha Qre formed may oy ‘ compound and 4 mot be tm eyaimolay proj.

Th aye lonee CO oun M => Th m oY ™ yet be de\not contain ary co-erdi nal jonie but ‘the cooler part bond al wore contain co-drdinode bord ° ‘the py be vp'eo Q the double The by beYA eo ¢ the (0 -oxdin- Sale dre the dame as tote -ahon COmbounco are Q it Covohtueut Compounds. — diitterent dao tz conotiteent-.

* In the double Sol gefal Oy «6 Tn Q Corovalinatioy

cOmpous

Know their normal veleny tne metal ion dohsty Us tO ty be q% Valencies called b rt mary and secandary Vad eney,

Adouble salt floseo if ° A CO-orvdinahon Compounds identity wm the goluhony vefaly i devutity in (ty

soluhion,

CG

MyS0q. AL COU) 24H ee Ky EFe CCN) J

• Tybeo 4. lo-axdtnation Compounds

Cahionic Conuolex Anionic Comblen Neutal Condslex Complex ton camy — Complex 10H Carry Complen doerwh

+ve charge

—ve chaye Cary quy

e

¢N),

4

Charge [ CoCNH,),1°* 5 LFe Con] C [NIC C J

Hintstchentarbemettrpet Those hg ande whith Mave

two donoy atom but use one alm attach with

a centro metal atom. % smese gre monodentate 09 ana,

eg CONT C Leane) $ SCN C Hiocyane)

NO™ C isoly ane) NCS- C fsothio cyano)

Negative igande hich ove negative charge N ;

Symbol 4, Nane ¢, charge on Cured llednd s

ra igarole en? NH, amm ine 0

tl otonde 4 CH,-NH, Meth lamine Oo

17 ‘alo -

an ne HO” agua 0

No,7 Ni bit -N 4 No Ni posyh 0

No” Nibity -

GO Ca Yoo oy 0

OK" Hyd yoKo -.

NO," Nilrabo “4 CS thio caYoopark O

SCNT Hiocyane ad| Pity Phosbh ine o

Ncs- iso Hyfetyano -|

CH, Coo- Acetate —| (, 0 Tribhend phosphine 0

• ‘Ao -|

.

ee era 2 HN (SNH, Tho UTE @ 0

Q* pewoKo -2 a Pyridine O

Sa Se -2 Ga

Sy" Sud

co, Cavoowabe “2 C He Mere | °

Bidentote

Bidentate

\ (ycenato

—{

sy 3

Cthane-1, en O

OX2- OXaL ato ~ ~ cliamuhe

CER Ng EES Tr jo Closed xing type cOmbound

fosmed

bY Polydeniate Ligands Cehelating Ligand) on bindirg

to cenhal ynetol asom Tmpox tance

“§ M a Ma CH, ° it fommy move Sieble

Sn

ut compler

, Called

R, H, chelahvo effec

° ms So <iening ¢ Hascall water

° pekethon gq meld ton

° scbayahon

4

d-block

Cle menk.

| The Cenbok meted atom and the Ligands

whith ave divecty dtached £0 it are enclosed fm cquare

bratket

and called

co-ordindhion

sbhere

os co-ordi

nahn,

e4 CFe(cn),J4-

i cabled

coosdinahon

Sbherve.

entity

counter Lon

;

The tontsdble qyoubs wirtlen Outside the square

brackeb and

are called counter

jo: 24

ky fe CCN),)

where

Ky iro axe

Called

Counter iom

Co-osdinahon Poly hedwu

The Spahad axsangement 4 the

Lgandlo qrmuwd the Centvad metoL am fy Called to-oxdinahou

Poly hedyon e4 x

Kind: xX | Aw

eT x 7 Nim

| xX

x

Octahedral Tetrahedral

The tool number ¥ Co-osdinake *

bond formed by gando with cenbal med abm

Co-orvdi

nahn

Nunmbey

=

=

CNumbes

4,

liganalo

¥ Denhia)

£9 Ky Che

Con),]

[Cot

(en) J"

CN: 6X1 <

CN AX(FAK2A=

os > The charge [resernr on the Cenhall

yn etal atom m gq co-ordination compound wo called

Oxidahoh number, Tt % alwaye positive.

C4} Ky Ce CON),J

4

4Q)+xt (0 he 2

Ac. to Min theo , metal - Licand bond ayises

luk

tm Ane clonahon

gy elechon

paix

gx0m Ugando

to centol melol atom

Mme med am or fon under the

fuyience Ueanclo can use (n-l)d MS »Nb, nal

?

} ?

Srbitalo 40x hy bridlgah'oy

Hybriclsahoy CN

Geomely

Exanole,

Sfp

a lineay

[Ag

Cen), 7

Spr 2 “Trganad pla nay [H4I2)7~

gp

4

Te

faa he dap

(N (Cody)

2x

dsp?

\

SYA"

anay

c Ni

CCN)

Ag?

S

SUA so

zqneidtol

Fe (Cor

dese? = & Octahedrab(inns) [Cy cnr"

solar 6 f) chahedhel (outer) (Fe FJ

C4 £ CoCNRy ),)3t

Co St os)

CAy)!®

Zal 6

(n°*

av}

{a {4 [

CT |

ae

Zak Ug Ui

O, Nt, bp a Sho ng rgancl de foiling 4 €@

fakeo

place

av leIXN] =] KIX!

Sof

us QP e+ it. Oy:

hybyi ditahion dcp megnetic

Geomey = Octa hed yal eX nCne)

Yuney Orbital Complex = 0 &M

ENT ly Jeo

Nikt

CAy)!®

ga® ase

atfaynklal, | LX] MKIKIX

2a

Gs

up

Aybridisahien

2

Sb?

Geomehy

a Hhahed

ret

Q

It

0 paxamagnehe

m

nature

u-~N une) = V2 (942) ~V¢ 21M

© [NICCN)4) ~~

Nit

4 CAx)!®

3d?aqce

akiablata

[al

C

fil

oa

AS

4p

CN in a

Sfrong Ligand se

patnng 4 €® Tale

en

piace

alatheTX) EXT KU

Zol O¢ Cy

ry brid gah'an 2 dcop?

Geomeby

7 Square

plandy

re ole aligmagnehc im nadure.

• Metal - Ligand bond tc tone mn natuye. So there

b decho stahe force q@ athachon bw wmetel ard

ganas

~ he &gands ave tseated an negative Centres Grol

he $e nega

five centres

Are $0 AKanged

around

central yy alm Mot here ia winrnum yepulsion

t §

a

Two

ox

more

Co:

ordunahon

cormpounlo

ushieh

have

same

vypolecutar

formula

bur

have

ch

ferent

wos

of

attachment

of

ety

hi

gavel

b

the

centead

yneted

atom

and

have

different

propertiCa

. Thece

are

called

Isomers.

The phenomenon

va {hown

ao isomeyisin.

J

|

1

Structural Toomert Stereo TSomerc

Qtiseo due

to the oll ffevence

axises due to the different

in the sh. of co.oxdunohou Sahat avrangement of

COMpownda Ligands Qround the yvnetal ion

% Tonisahon

Mydrate

Geometyicad

fsomertsm

be er

• optical {somevism

|

Co: oxdination

Le Linkage

4. TONISATION ISomEeRism

TAIS rsomevicm arises due

exchange of iOvsable

anion with anonic gande.

C4 Clo By

CHO) Jtth-

and Clo

(H,8),.J*Bx-

C Co

NH) SQ

By ancl

(Co CNH

)e Bx 50,

*) HYDRATErsomeRISMov SoLVATE TSOMERISM

tn tnts

isomerism, water

fs taken aa solvent.

Tt has

chifferent

yo. of attr ymolecide

ln he co. ordsnation ¢bhere and

Oukside it e-g

LOCH)

IU, , CCH»),

4 Je,

aHO,

C60 CH, 0), 20

p

This tybe

of

tsomesism

occurs

when

there is

tniex change

of Ltgande

bly

catonle

and

anionic

Complexes

of

different

metal

fon present

ma

comelex.

“F Lice

CNH),

J Eo

Cen),]

and

CCo(nH,),

Cex

Cond]

WAGE 4

“This type of ‘come vic rg Shown

by the.

Coordinahon

Compounds

having

ambi

dentate

dgand

¢

“G CO CNH) CNOIIU and Clo CNHy)eCONOY CL

STEREO

ISOMERISM

v J

Geometrical

Optical,

lSomexism

Isomext

<M

These

are the

Complexec

in Complexes with CN4Z

aly of sterefsomers

Ave the

Geomencal

Somers ase of

mivros Imager of each

other

two tybe

but may not be supestmposed

Cis On the stexeotsomers,These

~ 6Qme ligands ave Miryor Mader are called

Present at adjacent CMaukomersThe enantiomers

posthou.

o—

tohich

yotale the plane.

I

bolay feed Lionk Ina clock

se

divectron

's cabled

dexhovolatoxy

Trans

(A) ov &)

Adme Lgande

Qe

and the enankomey

which wotate

present

at

obbosite

posthou

the

plane bolariced

bag ht

Ww ant

Clock

wise

gliveetion

is Raevo

xotatox

\ v CR) OF &)

Th Octahedral

Comblexes

of the

formula

[MAX

€f

CCCo CN

Hy) (NO)

a

NOL

NH

web

ay

YF:

• MOY

’ w

Z Co qy

iS

. Ne

not”

NO.

‘_ po u

NOL

—

NO

QC - £,

v

arial

Mev

meri dionad.

Same Ligands occupy

Aame Ueands are ‘tn

One face of an otiahedon

Me plane

“> OPTICAL TSOMERS

e

Ob tH cal (somerism

fe

Common

iM

Oc

,

tahe dra COmble xe fwvolvinng bidentate Ricande

+>

.

Th

r

:

£ Aiamolay

mixture

ot

‘dt and

't!

foomer

fe fesmed

as the wateme

mixture

. Pp

Trang

fsomex

cane

show

djehical

tsomext

. y 2

(Ps PF

A

She

CHS! aes

Lev en-

EY)

Clo

CNH),

h Gm]

Ny

N

NH [? '

__L. NH

N. /"% 1 : °° J

Co Gi Su ( OKwOINY

a]

cQ

t

YyV i¥y¥0 8

eq [MGA %, "

cis - [ CoCen), U3t | ‘(+

a co fee

L-; a It {~ ; ey

NIT 1 Coity

en : 6° ‘ | Sof

ULES

One

ev

Minow

METAL CARBONYLS

Comblex

compounds

that

contain

Carbonk — big anole

ovly ave

terme@t

ac ynetol Carton

e Ni(CO),

; co

o

\

ON

ep

De

r to

Oc“ Cx 2

Ss } ~ | dba" ~

CO CO | @

CO co = CO

¥|

Tela hed val d irreemidal Octa hedkag

co Tn melol cavbontls ,the metal- Cayboy bond was both

S- amcl b- chavactes,

Co ligand attach itself to metod atom

hem the cavbou

qu

fo form

Metal -Carvoy

bod Lt fo

% useage dovioy

M< o- bond fs formed by the donation of lone paix¢ ce

Ou the Carbonyk Cayb to the vacant ovxbital of metal

te Mec W bond is formed by the donahon 4, Q oar 4 eo

foom the filled dq ovbital of dhe metal mm vacant

ank bounding r* oxblial of co. Tes perpeaty of back bonding

whith stabi be the metal ~ Rigand pond 's termed

as

Synexgle effet

> Significance

of Co-oxdinatton

Compounds

“1 In

Riologicaa

Syste

m

6TH Meds‘cnal Chem [chy

Ltn Analyhcad Chemistry

‘In the

exhachon [Metallurgy

of metale

‘a Estmahon of Hardness of walter

• Ip Catal ycls

‘.e Jy Photo g ajo hy

In medfefnes

• Vitamin

Bie

used

prevent

anaemla,

“A

comider

of

Cart

with

EDTA

used

fos

the

feeatment

of

Read

poisoning

,

A cewvlex

of

platinum

treat

meuk

of

cancer

im

Chemotherapy,

Th Glological Importance

we

efe-plakth

fs

used

vm

the

Many

biological

tmbortant

Chlowpryll + 2 complex of Max

Haemogtobtn

a comblex of ert

Nifamin Gig: Q Complex of CySt