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CORRECTIVE EXERCISE SPECIALIST - QUIZ 1 TO QUIZ 9 MATERIAL - FINAL EXAM
PREP 2023 COMBINED TESTS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
“How many bones are in the human body? a. 287 b. 147 c. 206
d. 306 - CORRECT ANSWER c. 206"
"An important component of sleep is to: a. allow cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) to build new synapses b. block CSF from entering the brain c. allow CSF to flush out waste products
d. Form new plaques in the brain - CORRECT ANSWER c. allow CSF to flush out waste products"
"The reference point for all locations within the human body is known as the: a. postural reference b. anatomical posture c. ideal posture
d. anatomical position - CORRECT ANSWER d. anatomical position"
"Throwing a baseball is which type of motion? a. multiplanar b. uniplanar c. biplanar
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER a. multiplanar"
"When using a cable or exercise band, the direction of resistance is always: a. straight up from the earth b. in the opposite direction of the cable of band is pulling c. in the direction the cable or band is pulling
d. straight down to the earth - CORRECT ANSWER c. in the direction the cable or band is pulling"
"Which of the following is not an external rotator of the glenohumeral joint? a. teres minor b. infraspinatus c. posterior deltoid
d. latissimus dorsi - CORRECT ANSWER a. teres minor"
"Which is the largest joint in the human body? a. knee b. hip c. shoulder
d. elbow - CORRECT ANSWER a. knee"
"What is required for the human body to maintain balance? a. the base of support remains over the center of mass
b. the base of support remains wide c. the center of mass remains over the base of support
d. both a and b - CORRECT ANSWER c. the center of mass remains over the base of support"
"The ability of synapses to strengthen or weaken based on the activity they receive is known as: a. synaptic control b. synaptic plasticity c. closed-loop motor control
d. synaptic formation - CORRECT ANSWER b. synaptic plasticity"
"What is the nervous system component that directly activated skeletal muscle? a. lower motor neurons b. cerebellum c. upper motor neurons d. sensory cortex
(not definite) - CORRECT ANSWER a. lower motor neurons"
"Which of the following is not a function of the cerebellum? a. correct movement as it's occurring b. compares two copies of a motor program from the motor cortex c. interprets information directly from the motor cortex
d. interprets information directly from the sensory cortex - CORRECT ANSWER d. interprets
information directly from the sensory cortex" "How many vertebrae within the vertebral (spinal) column can move independently? a. 24 b. 27 c. 33
d. 31 - CORRECT ANSWER a. 24"
"Movement between two adjacent vertebrae is made possible by what? a. facet joints b. vertebral discs c. spinous processes
d. transverse processes - CORRECT ANSWER a. facet joints"
"New bone material is formed by what? a. osteoclasts b. osteocytes c. osteoblasts
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER c. osteoblasts"
"The strong connective tissue on the bottom of each foot is the: a. plantaris b. Plantar aponeurosis c. plantar fascitis
d. both a and b - CORRECT ANSWER a. tendon"
"What is the primary connective tissue that forms a tendon? a. type I collagen b. type III collagen c. type II collagen
d. type X collagen - CORRECT ANSWER a. type I collagen"
"Each bundle of skeletal muscle fibers, covered by a perimysium, is called a: a. myofibrils b. fascicle c. sacromere
d. tendon - CORRECT ANSWER b. fascicle"
"During a biceps curl, the biceps brachii and brachialis muscle acts as: a. agonists b. antagonists c. synergists
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER c. synergists"
"Which of the following is not a function required for the coordination of movement? a. planning the movement b. motivation c. initiation of the movement
d. motor control - CORRECT ANSWER d. motivation"
"What two types of cells make up the nervous system? a. nerves and glia b. glia and axons c. neurons and glia
d. neurons and nerves - CORRECT ANSWER c. neurons and glia"
"What is the "transmitter" portion of a neuron that relays a signal? a. dendrites b. axon c. cell body
d. soma - CORRECT ANSWER b. axon"
"What is the "integrator" part of a neuron that determines if there's enough information to create an action potential? a. axon b. dendrites c. cell body
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER c. cell body"
"What is the name of the area, typically between two neurons or a neuron and gland, where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted? a. nucleus b. synapse c. receptor
d. cell body - CORRECT ANSWER b. synapse"
"Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for producing voluntary movements? a. autonomic nervous system b. somatic nervous system c. sympathetic nervous
d. parasympathetic nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER b. somatic nervous system"
"What structural component of white matter gives it a whitish appearance? a. myelin b. axon c. cell body
d. synapse - CORRECT ANSWER a. myelin"
"Where does the spinal cord end? a. around thoracic vertebrae 10 or 11 (T10 or T11) b. around lumbar vertebrae 1 or 2 (L1 or L2) c. at lumbar vertebra 5 (L5)
d. at the pelvis - CORRECT ANSWER b. around lumbar vertebrae 1 or 2 (L1 or L2)"
"Which type of nerve only carries information away from the spinal cord to innervate muscle? a. reflex nerve b. sensory nerve c. mixed nerve
d. motor nerve - CORRECT ANSWER d. motor nerve"
"How many pairs of spinal nerves connect to the spinal cord? a. 31 b. 12 c. 25
d. 18 - CORRECT ANSWER a. 31"
"What is the name of the cluster of cell bodies, from lower motor neurons, that are contained within the spinal cord? a. circuit b. upper motor neuron pool c. motor neuron pool
d. pectorallis major - CORRECT ANSWER c. motor neuron pool"
"Sensory information is carried within: a. descending tracts b. ascending tracts
"From the anatomical position, a muscle's origin is the position: a. closest to the head b. closest to the feet c. furthest from the trunk
d. closest to the hands - CORRECT ANSWER a. closest to the head"
"Skeletal muscle is a contractile tissue responsible for: a. voluntary actions b. reflex actions c. cardiac muscle actions
d. both a and b - CORRECT ANSWER d. both a and b"
"What is the primary function of a Golgi tendon organ? a. provide the brain with temperature information b. detect changes in muscle stretch c. provide the brain with pain information
d. detect changes in muscle tension - CORRECT ANSWER d. detect changes in muscle tension"
"The brain's ability to change is structure and function is known as: a. alpha-gamma co-activation b. neuro-activation c. upper motor neuron integration
d. neuroplasticity - CORRECT ANSWER d. neuroplasticity"
"Which of the following is not a function of the basal ganglia? a. inhibit lower motor neurons b. help select the proper movement c. regulate smoothness/speed of a movement
d. help initiate the proper movement - CORRECT ANSWER b. help select the proper movement"
"Which of the following is not a function of the cerebellum? a. fine-tune movement while it's occurring b. make better movement prediction in the future c. directly control lower motor neurons
d. compare an actual movement to what it predicted - CORRECT ANSWER c. directly control lower
motor neurons" "Which term describes a position that's toward the top of the head? a. cranial b. lateral c. dorsal
d. ventral - CORRECT ANSWER a. cranial"
"Which term describers a position that's close to the trunk? a. distal b. dorsal c. proximal
d. caudal - CORRECT ANSWER c. proximal"
"Which plane divides the body into left and right segments and is associated with flexion and extension movements? a. anterior b. frontal c. sagittal
d. Transverse - CORRECT ANSWER c. sagittal"
"Hip abduction and adduction occur in which plane? a. sagittal b. frontal c. transverse
d. axial - CORRECT ANSWER b. frontal"
"Movement of a limb in a specific direction is referred to as its: a. direction of mass b. direction of rotation c. rotational mass
d. direction of resistance - CORRECT ANSWER b. direction of rotation"
"When lifting free weights, the direction of resistance is always: a. straight down to the earth b. straight up from the earth c. changing depending on where the weight is held
d. in the cranial direction - CORRECT ANSWER a. straight down to the earth"
"Which of the following movement is not associated with the cervical spine? a. flexion b. horizontal adduction c. rotation
d. lateral flexion - CORRECT ANSWER b. horizontal adduction"
"How many different movement can the shoulder girdle perform? a. 8 b. 6 c. 14
d. 10 - CORRECT ANSWER c. 14"
"What is the primary disadvantage of the bony structures that form the glenohumeral joint? a. it is inherently unstable b. it reduces the joint's possible range of motion c. it has too much stability
d. the head of the humerus should be larger - CORRECT ANSWER a. it is inherently unstable"
"The vestibular system, from the inner ear, sends its information to what region of the brain in order to maintain the body's sense of balance? a. brainstem b. cortex c. cerebellum
d. motor cortex - CORRECT ANSWER a. brainstem"
"During closed-loop motor control, sensory feedback is first sent to which brain structures? a. brainstem and sensory cortex b. muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs c. motor cortex and cerebellum
d. cerebellum and sensory cortex - CORRECT ANSWER d. cerebellum and sensory cortex"
"What are the primary functions of the cerebellum for maintaining a person's sense of balance? a. coordination of eye/head movements b. body orientation and self-motion c. control of posture and gait
d. direct control of muscle tension and stretch - CORRECT ANSWER c. control of posture and gait"
"The brain received sensory information from which of the following two structures that are contained within muscles and tendons? a. golgi tendon organs and lower motor neurons b. muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs c. golgi tendon organs and upper motor neurons
d. muscle spindles and lower motor neurons - CORRECT ANSWER b. muscle spindles and golgi tendon
organs" "Why does closed-loop motor control take longer to produce a movement than open-loop motor control? a. closed-loop motor control requires sensory feedback b. open-loop motor control requires sensory feedback c. closed-loop motor control does not require sensory feedback
d. open-loop motor control is learned first - CORRECT ANSWER a. closed-loop motor control requires
sensory feedback" "How is synaptic strength at the neuromuscular junction enhanced? a. the motor neuron releases more acetylcholine b. more receptors are added to the neuromuscular junction c. receptors are removed from the neuromuscular junction
d. both a and b - CORRECT ANSWER d. both a and b"
"What is open-loop motor control? a. the creation of a motor program b. the first step for learning a new movement c. the execution of a motor program
d. antagonist actions - CORRECT ANSWER c. the execution of a motor program"
"Which of the following is not a function of the sensory cortex during movement? a. interprets joint position b. directly increases muscle tension c. interprets muscle stretch
d. interprets muscle tension - CORRECT ANSWER b. directly increases muscle tension"
"Motor learning is a process that: a. changes areas of the motor cortex and strengthens synapses b. relies strictly on open-loop motor control c. Changes areas of the motor cortex and weakens synapses
d. is best achieved by moving quickly at first - CORRECT ANSWER a. changes areas of the motor cortex
and strengthens synapses" "Which term describes a long lasting increase in synaptic strength? a. short-term potentiation b. synaptic plasticity c. long=term potentiation
d. long-term plasticity - CORRECT ANSWER c. long-term potentiation"
"Center of mass is also known as what? a. base of control b. base of support c. center of gravity
d. center of movement - CORRECT ANSWER c. center of gravity"
"Which area of the brain received input from the visual system? a. basal ganglia b. cerebellum c. brainstem
d. cortex - CORRECT ANSWER d. cortex"
"Which term describes how a movement is automatically produced by the brain? a. motor program b. long-term potentiation c. lower motor program
d. closed-loop motor control - CORRECT ANSWER a. motor program"
"Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction? a. serotonin b. dopamine c. acetylcholin
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER c. acetylcholine"
"Which of the following best describes the neuromuscular junction?
d. joints - CORRECT ANSWER b. brainstem"
"What is the primary function of muscle spindles? a. sense changes in muscle length b. detect slow muscle activation c. sense changes in muscle tension
d. sense changes in muscle recruitment - CORRECT ANSWER a. sense changes in muscle length"
"When a person frequently practices a movement, the area of the motor cortex devoted to that movement will: a. shrink b. enlarge c. remain unchanged
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER b. enlarge"
"A meaningful movement is known as: a. a movement that's only essential to a person's sport b. an automatic movement c. a movement that's essential to a person's life or sport
d. a movement a person avoids - CORRECT ANSWER c. a movement that's essential to a person's life
or sport" "What is the maximum number of weeks that a client should be cleared for exercise by a physician before working with you? a. 8 b. 2 c. 16
d. 4 - CORRECT ANSWER a. 8"
"Your client recently had a fever, night sweats, and feels more fatigued than normal. What should you do? a. Tell the client to wait until the symptoms stop before training with you b. Instruct the client to get more rest c. Nothing, since those are normal symptoms
d. Tell the client to see his/her physician before your next training session - CORRECT ANSWER d. Tell
the client to see his/her physician before your next training session" "Which client should fill out the 2015 PAR-Q+ before training with you? a. An elite athlete with no movement plain b. A middle-aged guy with shoulder discomfort during exercise c. A young female with poor cardiovascular conditioning
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER d. all of the above"
"Which of the following professionals is not trained to work with people that have medical pain? a. athletic trainer b. physician c. certified personal trainer
d. chiropractor - CORRECT ANSWER c. certified personal trainer"
"What is the type of pain that's caused by a lack of strength, mobility, or motor control? a. medical pain b. movement pain c. muscular pain
d. joint pain - CORRECT ANSWER b. movement pain"
"What are the two benefits of referring a client that has a potential medical problem? a. You'll build trust with the client and build your professional reputation b. You'll appear more like a doctor and will generate more income c. You'll impress doctors and get future referrals from them
d. There are no benefits since you'll lose a potential client. - CORRECT ANSWER a. You'll build trust
with the client and build your professional reputation" "If a client experiences new pain during a workout, but you're pretty certain it's not a medical problem, what should you do if you're a personal trainer? a. Working slowing through the pain b. Stop the session and tell your client to come back tomorrow c. call a physical therapist and ask him to show you hands-on treatment that might help d. Refer to a medical professional
??? - CORRECT ANSWER d. refer to a medical professional"
"A female client with knee discomfort hires you so she can return to hiking. What type of goal is she seeking? a. outcome goal b. reactive goal c. performance goal
d. proactive goal - CORRECT ANSWER a. outcome goal"
"It's important to know your client's outcome goal because it: a. will increase the rate of recovery from an injury b. can be controlled by you c. drives the client's behavior
d. will determine the duration of the corrective exercise program - CORRECT ANSWER c. drives the
client's behavior" "Which type of goal should be measurable, specific and realistic? a. reactive goal b. performance goal c. proactive goal
d. outcome goal - CORRECT ANSWER b. performance goal"
"It's important to discuss a performance goal before the initial performance assessment in case you need to: a. influence your client's expectations of what's realistic b. refer your client to a psychiatrist
b. hamstring activation increases c. glute activation decreases
d. quadriceps activation decreases - CORRECT ANSWER c. glute activation decreases"
"To what position should the arms be lifted during the Y raise on a Swiss ball? a. as high as possible b. 9 and 3 oclock c. straight overhead
d. 10 and 2 oclock - CORRECT ANSWER d. 10 and 2 oclock"
"When your client turns his/her head to the right, what is occurring in the left cervical facet joints? a. downglide b. flexion c. upglide
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER c. upglide"
"Which of the following muscles is not targeted during the posterior shoulder ball roll? a. infraspinatus b. teres minor c. teres major
d. supraspinatus - CORRECT ANSWER d. supraspinatus"
"Which of the following is a reason why the rear foot is elevated during the hip flexors contract-relax stretch? a. increased stretch of the psoas b. increased stretch of the rectus femoris c. increased stretch of the iliacus
d. decreased stretch of the rectus femoris - CORRECT ANSWER b. increased stretch of the rectus
femoris" "Which of the following compensations, observed during a postural assessment, is most likely to benefit from hamstring stretches? a. anterior pelvic tilt b. posterior pelvic tilt c. excessive lumbar lordosis
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER b. posterior pelvic tilt"
"Which of the following muscles extends the big toes? a. flexor hallucis longus b. extensor hallucis longus c. anterior tibiallis
d. extensor digitorum brevis - CORRECT ANSWER b. extensor hallucis longus"
"A lack of big toe extension causes a chain of compensatory events that impair alignment and performance throughout the: a. legs b. hips
c. pelvis
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER d. all of the above"
"Reducing a client's pain from 6/10 to 2/10 during an exercise is what type of goal? a. movement goal b. pain goal c. performance goal
d. outcome goal - CORRECT ANSWER c. performance goal"
"Discomfort in a joint that lasts three months is what type of pain? a. extended pain b. chronic pain c. acute pain
d. subacute pain - CORRECT ANSWER b. chronic pain"
"What is the type of pain that lasts for a few days or a few weeks? a. extended b. general pain c. chronic pain
d. acute pain - CORRECT ANSWER d. acute pain"
"Changes to soft tissue and motor programs typically takes how long to accomplish? a. months b. days c. a few weeks
d. one week - CORRECT ANSWER a. months"
"What is the final step when preparing for the first corrective exercise training session with a client? a. discuss outcome goals b. gather quantifiable data c. set performance goals
d. determine if a corrective exercise program is appropriate for the client - CORRECT ANSWER b.
gather quantifiable functional data" "The type of information that can be measured or counted is known as: a. qualitative data b. research data c. quantifiable data
d. interview data - CORRECT ANSWER c. quantifiable data"
"What does it mean when an outcome measure has been shown to be reliable? a. it works 100% of the time b. it is useful in a variety of populations c. it works more than 50% of the time
d. it is useful in a specific population - CORRECT ANSWER b. it is useful in a variety of populations"
a. movement pain b. muscular pain c. medical pain
d. soft tissue pain - CORRECT ANSWER c. medical pain"
"Which of the following is not part of creating a meaningful experience for your clients during each corrective exercise session? a. your coaching skills b. the exercise parameters you choose for the client c. making sure the workout doesn't change regardless of what the client says
d. catering to the client's psychological needs - CORRECT ANSWER c. making sure the workout doesn't
change regardless of what the client says" "The correct combination of motivation, feedback and capacity are known as the: a. exercise parameters b. psychological challenge c. physical challenge
d. just right challege - CORRECT ANSWER d. just right challenge"
"The amount of motivation you give a client should depend on his/her: a. personality b. age c. gender
d. level of fitness - CORRECT ANSWER a. personality"
"What are the three components that make up the ABCs of motivation? a. action, belief, coercion b. autonomy, believing, competence c. action, belonging, coercion
d. autonomy, belonging, competence - CORRECT ANSWER d. autonomy, belonging, competence"
"When a client feels a sense of control and independence it's known as: a. coercion b. autonomy c. belonging
d. all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER b. autonomy"
"The need to feel accepted and connected with others is known as: a. autonomy b. belonging c. competence
d. confidence - CORRECT ANSWER b. belonging"
"Your client Sarah is a foodie and frequently goes to restaurants. If you ask her for advice on which restaurant to take your significant other, you're helping to build her feeling of: a. competence b. confidence
c. autonomy d. belonging
??? - CORRECT ANSWER c. autonomy"
"Setting small, attainable goals in each corrective exercise session helps build your client's sense of: a. competence b. belonging c. autonomy
d. trust - CORRECT ANSWER a. competence"
"It's important to avoid frustrating a client in order to keep him/her feeling: a. strong b. under your control c. autonomous
d. motivated - CORRECT ANSWER d. motivated"
"The need to feel capable of doing something successfully is known as: a. competence b. belonging c. autonomy
d. control - CORRECT ANSWER a. competence"
"The type of feedback you give can have a significant impact on the client's: a. muscle mass b. motor learning c. cardiovascular endurance
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER b. motor learning"
"Instructing a client to "squeeze the glutes" at the top of a deadlift is what type of cue? a. internal b. psychological c. external
d. direct - CORRECT ANSWER a. internal"
"Instructing a client to "smash the bottom of your shoes into the floor" at the top of a squat to promote hip extension is what type of cue? a. psychological b. internal c. direct
d. external - CORRECT ANSWER d. external"
"Research demonstrates that giving your clients an external focus during an exercise is most effective for enhancing what type of movement? a. simple b. complex c. both a and b
d. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER b. complex"
