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Correlation Techniques and Statistical Analysis - Prof. Smrat, Assignments of Mathematics

Lovely Professional UniversityMathematics

A wide range of topics related to correlation techniques and statistical analysis, including bivariate analysis, multivariate analysis, linear and non-linear correlation, regression analysis, coefficient of correlation, coefficient of determination, standard error, multiple correlation, spearman's rank correlation, hypothesis testing, t-test, z-test, anova, and non-parametric tests. A comprehensive overview of the key concepts, formulas, and applications of these statistical techniques, which are widely used in various fields of study, such as business, economics, social sciences, and natural sciences. The detailed explanations and examples in the document can be valuable for students, researchers, and professionals who need to understand and apply these statistical methods in their work.

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2019/2020

Uploaded on 05/03/2022

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ON QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES
1. The techniques which provide the decision maker a systematic and powerful means of
analysis to explore policies for achieving predetermined goals are called..........................
a. Correlation techniques
b. Mathematical techniques
c. Quantitative techniques
d. None of the above
2. Correlation analysis is a ..............................
a. Univariate analysis
b. Bivariate analysis
c. Multivariate analysis
d. Both b and c
3. If change in one variable results a corresponding change in the other variable, then
the variables are.........................
a. Correlated
b. Not correlated
c. Any of the above
d. None of the above
4. When the values of two variables move in the same direction, correlation is said to
be ............................
a. Linear
b. Non-linear
c. Positive
d. Negative
5. When the values of two variables move in the opposite directions, correlation is said
to be ............................
a. Linear
b. Non-linear
c. Positive
d. Negative
6. When the amount of change in one variable leads to a constant ratio of change in
the other variable, then correlation is said to be .........................
a. Linear
b. Non-linear
c. Positive
d. Negative
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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS ON QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

  1. The techniques which provide the decision maker a systematic and powerful means of analysis to explore policies for achieving predetermined goals are called.......................... a. Correlation techniques b. Mathematical techniques c. Quantitative techniques d. None of the above
  2. Correlation analysis is a .............................. a. Univariate analysis b. Bivariate analysis c. Multivariate analysis d. Both b and c
  3. If change in one variable results a corresponding change in the other variable, then the variables are......................... a. Correlated b. Not correlated c. Any of the above d. None of the above
  4. When the values of two variables move in the same direction, correlation is said to be ............................ a. Linear b. Non-linear c. Positive d. Negative
  5. When the values of two variables move in the opposite directions, correlation is said to be ............................ a. Linear b. Non-linear c. Positive d. Negative
  6. When the amount of change in one variable leads to a constant ratio of change in the other variable, then correlation is said to be ......................... a. Linear b. Non-linear c. Positive d. Negative
  1. ...........................attempts to determine the degree of relationship between variables. a. Regression analysis b. Correlation analysis c. Inferential analysis d. None of these
  2. Non-linear correlation is also called..................................... a. Non-curvy linear correlation b. Curvy linear correlation c. Zero correlation d. None of these
  3. Scatter diagram is also called ...................... a. Dot chart b. Correlation graph c. Both a and b d. None of these
  4. If all the points of a scatter diagram lie on a straight line falling from left upper corner to the right bottom corner, the correlation is called................... a. Zero correlation b. High degree of positive correlation c. Perfect negative correlation d. Perfect positive correlation
  5. If all the dots of a scatter diagram lie on a straight line falling from left bottom corner to the right upper corner, the correlation is called.................. a. Zero correlation b. High degree of positive correlation c. Perfect negative correlation d. Perfect positive correlation
  6. Numerical measure of correlation is called ..................... a. Coefficient of correlation b. Coefficient of determination c. Coefficient of non-determination d. Coefficient of regression
  7. Coefficient of correlation explains: a. Concentration b. Relation c. Dispersion d. Asymmetry
  8. Coefficient of correlation lies between: a. 0 and + b. 0 and – 1

d. Absence

  1. If dots are lying on a scatter diagram in a haphazard manner, then r = ...................... a. 0 b. + c. – 1 d. None of these
  2. The unit of Coefficient of correlation is ........................ a. Percentage b. Ratio c. Same unit of the data d. No unit
  3. Product moment correlation method is also called ........................ a. Rank correlation b. Pearsonian correlation c. Concurrent deviation d. None of these
  4. The – ve sign of correlation coefficient between X and Y indicates............................. a. X decreasing, Y increasing b. X increasing, Y decreasing c. Any of the above d. There is no change in X and Y
  5. Coefficient of correlation explains .........................of the relationship between two variables. a. Degree b. Direction c. Both of the above d. None of the above
  6. For perfect correlation, the coefficient of correlation should be .......................... a. ± 1 b. + 1 c. – 1 d. 0
  7. Rank correlation coefficient was discovered by.................................... a. Fisher b. Spearman c. Karl Pearson d. Bowley
  8. The rank correlation coefficient is always............................ a. + 1 b. – 1 c. 0

d. Between + 1 and – 1

  1. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient is usually denoted by.................... a. k b. r c. S d. R
  2. Probable error is used to: a. Test the reliability of correlation coefficient b. Measure the error in correlation coefficient c. Both a an b d. None of these
  3. If coefficient of correlation is more than ................of its P E, correlation is significant. a. 2 times b. 5 times c. 6 times d. 10 times
  4. In correlation analysis, Probable Error = ........................ x 0. a. Standard deviation b. Standard error c. Coefficient of correlation d. None of these
  5. Coefficient of concurrent deviation depends on ....................... a. The signs of the deviations b. The magnitude of the deviations c. Bothe a and b d. None of these
  6. Correlation analysis between two sets of data only is called.................... a. Partial correlation b. Multiple correlation c. Nonsense correlation d. Simple correlation
  7. Correlation analysis between one dependent variable with one independent variable by keeping the other independent variables as constant is called...................... a. Partial correlation b. Multiple correlation c. Nonsense correlation d. Simple correlation
  8. Study of correlation among three or more variables simultaneously is called............. a. Partial correlation b. Multiple correlation c. Nonsense correlation

c. Line of average relationship d. All the above

  1. If the regression line is X on Y, then the variable X is known as.......................... a. Dependent variable b. Explained variable c. Both a and b d. Regressor
  2. If the regression line is X on Y, then the variable X is known as.......................... a. Dependent variable b. Independent variable c. Bothe a and b d. None of the above
  3. If the regression line is Y on X, then the variable X is known as.......................... a. Dependent variable b. Independent variable c. Both a and b d. None of the above
  4. The point of intersection of two regression lines is.......................... a. (0,0) b. (1,1) c. (x,y) d. (x̄, ӯ)
  5. If r = ± 1 , the two regression lines are............................... a. Coincident b. Parallel c. Perpendicular to each other d. None of these
  6. If r = 1, the angle between the two regression lines is......................... a. Ninety degree b. Thirty degree c. Zero degree d. Sixty degree
  7. If r = 0, the two regression lines are: a. Coincident b. Parallel c. Perpendicular to each other d. None of these
  8. If bxy and byx are two regression coefficients, they have: a. Same signs b. Opposite signs c. Either a or b

d. None of the above.

  1. If byx > 1, then bxy is: a. Greater than one b. Less than one c. Equal to one d. Equal to zero
  2. If X and Y are independent, the value of byx is equal to ........................ a. Zero b. One c. Infinity d. Any positive value
  3. The property that both the regression coefficients and correlation coefficient have same signs is called................................ a. Fundamental property b. Magnitude property c. Signature property d. None of these
  4. The property that byx > 1 implies that bxy < 1 is known as ..................... a. Fundamental property b. Magnitude property c. Signature property d. None of these
  5. If X and Y are independent, the property byx = bxy = 0 is called ................... a. Fundamental property b. Magnitude property c. Mean property d. Independence property
  6. The Correlation coefficient between two variables is the ........................... of their regression coefficients. a. Arithmetic mean b. Geometric mean c. Harmonic mean d. None of these
  7. If the correlation coefficient between two variables, X and Y, is negative, then the regression coefficient of Y on X is............................. a. Positive b. Negative c. Not certain d. None of these
  8. The G M of two regression coefficients byx and bxy is equal to .......................... a. r

a. A significant procedure in Statistics b. A method of making a significant statement c. A rule for accepting or rejecting hypothesis d. A significant estimation of a problem.

  1. Testing of hypothesis and ......................are the two branches of statistical inference. a. Statistical analysis b. Probability c. Correlation analysis d. Estimation
  2. ......................... is the original hypothesis a. Null hypothesis b. Alternative hypothesis c. Either a or b d. None of these
  3. A null hypothesis is denoted by........................... a. H 0 b. H 1 c. NH d. None of these
  4. An alternative hypothesis is denoted by........................... a. H 0 b. H 1 c. AH d. None of these
  5. Whether a test is one sided or two sided, depends on........................ a. Simple hypothesis b. Composite hypothesis c. Null hypothesis d. Alternative hypothesis
  6. A wrong decision about null hypothesis leads to: a. One kind of error b. Two kinds of errors c. Three kinds of errors d. Four kinds of errors
  7. Power of a test is related to ........................ a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Both a and b d. None of these
  8. Level of significance is the probability of................................ a. Type I error

b. Type II error c. Both a and b d. None of these

  1. Which type of error is more severe error: a. Type I error b. Type II error c. Both a and b d. None of these
  2. Type II error means.............................. a. Accepting a true hypothesis b. Rejecting a true hypothesis c. Accepting a wrong hypothesis d. Rejecting a wrong hypothesis
  3. Type I error is denoted by........................... a. Alpha b. Beta c. Gamma d. None of these
  4. Type II error is denoted by.................................... a. Alpha b. Beta c. Gamma d. None of these
  5. The level of probability of accepting a true null hypothesis is called........................ a. Degree of freedom b. Level of significance c. Level of confidence d. D,
  6. The probability of rejecting a true null hypothesis is called....................... a. Degree of freedom b. Level of significance c. Level of confidence d. None of these
  7. 1 – Level of confidence =............................. a. Level of significance b. Degree of freedom c. Either a or b d. None of these
  8. While testing a hypothesis, if level of significance is not mentioned, we take ................... level of significance. a. 1%

b. The variable is distributed normally c. The sample is small d. All the above

  1. Testing of hypotheses Ho : μ = 45 vs. H 1 : μ > 45 when the population standard deviation is known, the appropriate test is: a. t-test b. Z test c. Chi-square test d. F test
  2. Testing of hypotheses Ho : μ = 85 vs. H 1 : μ > 85, is a ...................test. a. One sided left tailed test b. One sided right tailed test c. Two tailed test d. None of these
  3. Testing of hypotheses Ho : μ = 65 vs. H 1 : μ < 65, is a ...................test. a. One sided left tailed test b. One sided right tailed test c. Two tailed test d. None of these
  4. Testing of hypotheses Ho : μ = 65 vs. H 1 : μ ≠ 65, is a ...................test. a. One sided left tailed test b. One sided right tailed test c. Two tailed test d. None of these
  5. Student’s t-test was designed by ............................ a. R A Fisher b. Wilcoxon c. Wald wolfowitz d. W S Gosset
  6. Z test was designed by ........................................ a. R A Fisher b. Wilcoxon c. Wald wolfowitz d. W S Gosset
  7. Z test was designed by ....................................... a. R A Fisher b. Wilcoxon c. Wald wolfowitz d. W S Gosset 101.The range of F ratio is ........................................ a. – 1 to + 1

b. – ∞ to ∞

c. 0 to ∞

d. 0 to 1

  1. While computing F ratio, customarily, the larger variance is taken as ..................... a. Denominator b. Numerator c. Either way d. None of these
  2. Chi-square test was first used by ............................... a. R A Fisher b. William Gosset c. James Bernoulli d. Karl Pearson
  3. The Chi-squre quantity ranges from ........................ to ........................... a. – 1 to + 1

b. – ∞ to ∞

c. 0 to ∞

d. 0 to 1 105.Degrees of freedom for Chi-squre test in case of contingency table of order (2x2) is: a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1 106.Degrees of freedom for Chi-squre test in case of contingency table of order (4x3) is: a. 4 b. 3 c. 6 d. 7 107.Degrees of freedom for Chi-squre test in case of contingency table of order (5x5) is: a. 25 b. 16 c. 10 d. Infinity 108.The magnitude of the difference between observed frequencies and expected frequencies is called ....................... a. F value b. Z value c. t value

c. Does not depend on the particular form of the distribution d. None of these 117..........................tests follow assumptions about population parameters. a. Parametric b. Non-parametric c. One-tailed d. Two-tailed 118.........................is the simplest and most widely used non-parametric test a. Sign test b. K-S test c. Chi-square tst d. Wilcoxon matched paired test 119.Runs test was designed by ............................. a. Kruskal and Wallis b. Kolmogrov and Smirnov c. Wald wolfowitz d. Karl Pearson 120.Which one of the following is a non-parametric test? a. F test b. Z test c. t test d. Wilcoxon test 121.Control charts are also termed as............................... a. Shewart charts b. Process behaviour chart c. Both a and b d. None of these 122.What type of chart will be used to plot the number of defective in the output of any process? a. x̄ chart b. R chart c. C chart d. P chart 123.Process control is carried out: a. Before production b. During production c. After production d. All of the above 124.The dividing lines between random and non-random deviations from mean of the distribution are known as .......................... a. Upper Control Limit

b. Lower Control Limit c. Control Limits d. Two sigma limit 125.The control charts used to monitor variable is........................... a. Range chart b. P-chart c. C-chart d. All of the above 126.The control charts used to monitor attributes is............................ a. Range chart b. P-chart c. C-chart d. All of the above 127.The control charts used for the fraction of defective items in a sample is............................ a. Range chart b. P-chart c. C-chart d. Mean chart 128.The control charts used for the number of defects per unit is: a. Range chart b. P-chart c. C-chart d. Mean chart 129.........................is user for testing goodness of fit. a. Wilcoxon test b. Sign test c. K-S Test d. Chi-square test 130.Which of the following is a non-parametric test? a. F-test b. Z-test c. Wilcoxon test d. All of the above 131.Regression coefficient is independent of........................... a. Origin b. Scale c. Both a and b d. Neither origin nor scale 132.The geometric mean of the two regression coefficient, bxy and byx is equal to: a. r

ANSWERS 1 : c 21 : d 41 : d 61 : a 81 : b 101 : c 121 :^ c 2 : d 22 : a 42 : b 62 : b 82 : c 102 : b 122 :^ d 3 : a 23 : d 43 : b 63 : b 83 : b 103 : d 123 :^ b 4 : c 24 : b 44 : d 64 : a 84 : a 104 : c 124 :^ c 5 : d 25 : c 45 : d 65 : b 85 : c 105 : d 125 :^ a 6 : a 26 : c 46 : c 66 : c 86 : d 106 : c 126 :^ b 7 : b 27 : a 47 : a 67 : b 87 : b 107 : b 127 :^ b 8 : b 28 : b 48 : b 68 : b 88 : b 108 : d 128 :^ c 9 : a 29 : d 49 : d 69 : c 89 : b 109 : c 129 :^ d 10 : c 30 : d 50 : a 70 : d 90 : d 110 : a 130 :^ c 11 : d 31 : a 51 : c 71 : a 91 : a 111 : a 131 :^ a 12 : a 32 : c 52 : c 72 : a 92 : b 112 : b 132 :^ a 13 : b 33 : b 53 : a 73 : b 93 : d 113 : a 133 :^ a 14 : c 34 : a 54 : b 74 : d 94 : b 114 : d 134 :^ b 15 : d 35 : d 55 : a 75 : b 95 : b 115 : c 16 : a 36 : a 56 : c 76 : b 96 : a 116 : d 17 : c 37 : b 57 : b 77 : a 97 : c 117 : a 18 : c 38 : c 58 : d 78 : b 98 : d 118 : c 19 : b 39 : a 59 : b 79 : c 99 : a 119 : c 20 : a 40 : b 60 : b 80 : a 100 : a 120 : a Prepared by VINEETHAN T Assistant Professor Govt. College Madappally