Corrosion - Lecture 3 - Material Engineering, Lecture notes of Material Engineering

Detailed informtion about Material Engineering, Energy Technology Developments, Gamry Electrochemical Instrumentation, Corrosion Test Methods, Electrochemical Basics, Test Samples.

Typology: Lecture notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 09/14/2011

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Energy Technology
Developments
Using Gamry Electrochemical Instrumentation
Electrochemical cells used in energy technology include:
Batteries
Fuel Cells
Supercapacitors
Solar Cells
Batteries are the ultimate electrochemical device, so
typically, battery scientists understand and use
electrochemistry as a routine tool to develop and improve
their products.
The challenge for these engineers is to higher energy
densities at lower prices.
A battery is a very active electrochemical device, so safety is
an important issue.
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Energy Technology

Developments

  • (^) Using Gamry Electrochemical Instrumentation
  • (^) Electrochemical cells used in energy technology include:

Batteries

Fuel Cells

Supercapacitors

Solar Cells

  • (^) Batteries are the ultimate electrochemical device, so

typically, battery scientists understand and use

electrochemistry as a routine tool to develop and improve

their products.

  • (^) The challenge for these engineers is to higher energy

densities at lower prices.

  • (^) A battery is a very active electrochemical device, so safety is

an important issue.

Corrosion Test Methods

1: The measurement of the open circuit potential is very easy and inexpensive,

but is not considered to be very reliable, since the potential tells nothing about

the kinetics of the process.

2: Linear polarization measurements are encumbered by “IR” effects from the

concrete; there is so much potential drop in the concrete, that an accurate

determination of the potential of the rebar surface is very difficult.

3: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) can overcome the difficulties

of the concrete resistance.

Test Samples

EG&G Instruments: Potentiostat/Galvanostat Model 273A

Corrosion Potential vs Time, ASTM C876-91, Cortec MCI 2022 & 2021 Compared with Unprotected Concrete (Various Concrete Densities) L=low density, H=high density

  • 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Time of Submersion (Days) Potential, (mV) L untreated L L H untreated H H

EIS Results, Bode Plots

LD=untreated low density concrete, 2S=MCI 2022/high density, 2L=MCI 2022/low density;

Concrete densities: low = 130 lbs/ft

3

, high = 150 lbs/ft

3

1.00E+
1.00E+
1.00E+
1.00E+
1.00E+
1.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.00E-02 1.00E-01 1.00E+00 1.00E+01 1.00E+02 1.00E+03 1.00E+04 1.00E+

FREQUENCY (Hz) l Z l (Ohms) 2L-Day 1 2L-Day 238 2L-Day 325 L-Day 1 L-Day 233 L-Day 332 2S-Day 1 2S-Day 236 2S-Day 327

Concrete Interior (untreated)

The potential, polarization resistance and

current density data can provide useful

information about:

• Corrosion state of the metal (active or

passive).

• Estimates of the Tafel constants for input into

LPR analysis, corrosion rate measurement or

cathodic protection criteria.

Useful Parameters