Covalent Bonds, Study notes of Chemistry

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Bonding Basics - Covalent Bonds Complete the chart for each element. Answer Key/Teacher Notes Element #ofProtons | #of Electrons | # of Valence Electrons | # of Electrons to Fill Outer Shell Carbon 6 6 4 4 Chlorine 17 17 7 1 Hydrogen I I I I Phosphorus 15 15 5 3 Oxygen 8 8 6 2 Sulfur 16 16 6 2 Nitrogen 7 7 5 3 Follow your teacher's directions to complete each covalent bond. Step 2 ep (1) Hydrogen + Hydrogen (Diatomic Element) ~ i oO @ 1- Write the symbols for each element. Step 1 2 - Use Fruity Pebbles (or other cereal/candy with more > H H than one color) to create the Lewis structure for each. 3 - Rearrange the electrons (or cereal pieces) to pair up electrons from each atom. 4 - Draw circles to show the sharing of electrons. 5 - Draw the bond structure using symbols and lines. Use one line for each pair of electrons that is shared. 6 - Write the chemical formula for each molecule. 7 - Have the students use a pencil or crayon to draw the electrons as they remove the pieces of cereal. (2) Hydrogen + Oxygen Each H atom needs a total of 2 electrons to fill the outer shell. The O atom needs a total of 8 electrons. T. Trimpe 2002 Step 3 H6)H H— H-« Step 5 Ho aa Step 6 Step 4 7. 1e0 H oH Students should start with one hydrogen and one oxygen They should understand that the oxygen atom needs two electrons to fill its outer shell, which means they will need a total of two hydrogen atoms to complete the bond.