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CPCE Assessment Exam Questions with Rationale Solutions Latest Edition
When beginning a counseling relationship, you are ethically required to - CORRECT ANSWER> Inform the patient of the limits of confidentiality As you begin a counseling relationship, it is important to - CORRECT ANSWER> jointly decide, between patient and counselor, how the counseling process will proceed A client arrives for counseling with the presenting complaint of relationship difficulties. She goes on to describe that she has had multiple abortions, and seems to use abortion as a birth control method. You are personally opposed to abortion. How should your personal beliefs impact the therapeutic relationship? - CORRECT ANSWER> Your personal belief system should not have any bearing on the therapeutic relationship You have been involved in a counseling relationship with a client for six months, when he presents you with a small gift. What should you do? - CORRECT ANSWER> Accept or decline depending on the circumstances You are court-ordered to disclose confidential information about a client you are counseling. What do you do? - CORRECT ANSWER> Limit, as much as possible, any possibly damaging personal information and obtain written permission from your client to share confidential information What should you do if your client requests to see his confidential file? - CORRECT ANSWER> Accept or decline depending upon circumstances You are a counselor with several clients, and at the same time you are adjusting to a difficult divorce. You aren't sleeping or eating well, find you are highly distractible, and generally are less in-touch with your emotional state. You should... - CORRECT ANSWER> Be alert to your mental status, and be able to determine if continuing with your clients poses any threat of being detrimental to the counseling process A former client of yours has been arrested for a crime. As his former counselor, you are called to perform a forensic evaluation. What is your responsibility in this case? - CORRECT ANSWER> It is not considered ethical to perform a forensic evaluation on a current or past client, so you should decline
You are the supervisor for a new counselor, and are asked to attend her wedding. Would it be ethical to do so? - CORRECT ANSWER> Yes, you should be able to attend her wedding without a breach of ethics While involved with a research study, you learn that several of your students are using confidential material in an unethical manner. You had no prior knowledge of this, and all of your safeguards for professional practice were appropriate. Are you, as the principal researcher, responsible for the student's behavior - CORRECT ANSWER> Yes, you are ultimately responsible When publishing research, it is important to - CORRECT ANSWER> Give credit to other contributors or sources, not plagiarize, and submit material to only one journal at a time When a conflict arises between the American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics and a governing authority, which takes precedence? - CORRECT ANSWER> Ultimately the law may be adhered to over the Code of Ethics An ethics violation should NOT be reported when - CORRECT ANSWER> A counselor has been retained to review another counselor who is in question; and when confidentiality rights would be violated What does multicultural/diversity counseling refer to? - CORRECT ANSWER> Counseling that recognizes diversity and approaches beneficial to specific groups and an approach that all counselors should ethically be aware of Most ethical issues are related to - CORRECT ANSWER> Confidentiality Only one psychoanalyst's developmental theory covers the entire lifespan. Who is he? - CORRECT ANSWER> Erik Erikson The Id, Ego, Superego are attributed to which psychoanalyst? - CORRECT ANSWER> Sigmund Freud What is the fourth stage of Jean Piaget's four stages - CORRECT ANSWER> Formal Operations Identity Crisis - CORRECT ANSWER> Erik Erikson Positive Psychology - CORRECT ANSWER> processes that contribute to optimal functioning/ not focusing on abnormalities Smoking habit to Sigmund Freud - CORRECT ANSWER> Oral Fixation
Binge eating coupled with inappropriate methods of controlling one's weight may be a symptom of - CORRECT ANSWER> Bulimia Concerns of his health; reports chronic intestinal difficulties, but has not sought medical treatment for his concerns. For the last five years he rarely feels at ease while at his job. Feels uneasy when outside the home - CORRECT ANSWER> Agoraphobia loss of appetite; nervousness, and recurrent nightmares of a past hospital experience from years prior, where she says she almost died - CORRECT ANSWER> PTSD Actively defiant of instructions, argues regularly, spiteful, and resentful. School performance is marginal. - CORRECT ANSWER> Oppositional defiant disorder 40 - year old client not feeling comfortable socially after gaining weight. Unwilling to try new activities and avoiding activities he once found enjoyable - CORRECT ANSWER> Avoidant Personality Disorder Client believes his favorite actress is in love with him. He is appropriate in every other way and substance use is not the factor - CORRECT ANSWER> Delusional Disorder Cyclothymia - CORRECT ANSWER> Mild form of bipolar disorder. Cause is unknown Client needs help with substance use, uses recreationally on the weekends. Two DUIs within 3 years - CORRECT ANSWER> Stimulant Use Disorder Complaints about significant Chronic back pain and shoulder pain (basis of a disability claim), when seen he looks fully physical capable of bending and picking up things - CORRECT ANSWER> Malingering - to receive an external reward Symptoms of Schizophrenia categorized in three groups - CORRECT ANSWER> Positive, Negative, and Disorganized Couple comes in. Wife displays feelings of distrust and no tolerance for relationships and also experiences excessive over-valuation "he's the best thing that every happened to me" - CORRECT ANSWER> Borderline Personality Disorder A patient diagnosed with depression/suicide ideation suddenly appears to feel better and think more clearly - CORRECT ANSWER> Suicide has increased!
20 year-old male college student. Last 6-7 months grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior and speech, hallucinations, poor responses - CORRECT ANSWER> Schizophrenia...Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual When a client's physical symptoms have a psychological cause it is referred to as - CORRECT ANSWER> Conversion Disorder Appraisal - CORRECT ANSWER> Any means by which by which a counselor assesses a client. ie: mental health exam, IQ test Type of test - NCE - CORRECT ANSWER> Objective Test created by David Wechsler - CORRECT ANSWER> IQ When administering tests to a client, the counselor should always - CORRECT ANSWER> Inform the client of limitations of testing Validity (In testing) - CORRECT ANSWER> How accurate the test is Reliability (in testing) - CORRECT ANSWER> How consistent the results are The only test you are using with your client has a reliability of .60, you should... - CORRECT ANSWER> disregard the results of the test as the reliability is too low Francis Galton - CORRECT ANSWER> Inherited intellectual abilities; father of behavioral genetics; personality traits are passed down J.P. Guilford - CORRECT ANSWER> individual differences and intellect; creativity Developed the first intelligence test - CORRECT ANSWER> Alfred Binet and Theophilus Simon Rorschach - CORRECT ANSWER> Inkblot test Most researched test in history - CORRECT ANSWER> MMPI; Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Psychometrics - CORRECT ANSWER> Psychological measurement; measures the inner workings of the mind and behavior Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - CORRECT ANSWER> Personality test You say a word to your client and he answers back with the first thing that comes to mind. What theorist developed the method you're using - CORRECT ANSWER> Carl Jung
Clients who are in the midst of a personal crisis are often not good candidates for group therapy. They would need... - CORRECT ANSWER> Medication and individual psychotherapy Group process - CORRECT ANSWER> analysis of the group's interactions Group Content - CORRECT ANSWER> the material that is being discussed within the group Most therapists consider the best size for group therapy to be between - CORRECT ANSWER> 6 and 8 members Branch of Psychology deals primarily with groups and social factors - CORRECT ANSWER> Social Psychology Who is considered the father of sociology - CORRECT ANSWER> Emile Durkheim You are sent a client who is culturally different from yourself. Is it ethical for you to counsel this client - CORRECT ANSWER> Yes,Counselor can enter a therapeutic relationship with someone who is culturally different Proxemics - CORRECT ANSWER> The study of proximity; refers to personal and interpersonal space An Asian client is most likely to choose a counselor who is - CORRECT ANSWER> Asian An area of study in social cognition - CORRECT ANSWER> Attribution A cultural norm - CORRECT ANSWER> how people are supposed to act Milgram experiment - CORRECT ANSWER> People will usually obey authority Social Distance Scale - CORRECT ANSWER> Emory Bogardus Foot in the Door Technique - CORRECT ANSWER> Compliance - Freedman and Frasier. If you ask someone for something small, they will eventually comply with getting something big Self fulfilling prophecy - CORRECT ANSWER> the false becomes true. Robert Merton. Stating something false will eventually come to pass Theory that helps explain prejudice - CORRECT ANSWER> Social Identity Theory - Henry Tajfel. When associated with a group, people will begin to think they are better than another group Altruism may be explained by - CORRECT ANSWER> Social Exchange Theory
Jack and Samantha are alike in every way an it isn't long before they marry. What might explain their relationship? - CORRECT ANSWER> Consensual validity; they validate each other Cognitive Dissonance - CORRECT ANSWER> Making up excuses to make you feel better about yourself. Justifying your bad behavior in order to stay consistent - Leon Festinger The contingency model of leadership states that leadership is determined by - CORRECT ANSWER> Personality and situation Bystander effect - CORRECT ANSWER> You are more likely to help someone in need if you are the only other person present Your client is struggling with a weight problem. She loves sweets, but she hates what they do to her body. Your client's conflict is one of - CORRECT ANSWER> Approach/Avoidance (3 types - avoidance/avoidance and approach/approach) Acculturation - CORRECT ANSWER> When two cultures mix The Likert scale measures... - CORRECT ANSWER> Attitude and Physical Health You are asked to speak to a group and you plan your presentation based upon your knowledge of one of the members. What type of reasoning are you employing? - CORRECT ANSWER> Inductive Reasoning Using a specific measurement, such as smiles to measure happiness is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER> operational definition Every element of the population has an equal chance of being sampled. What type of sampling is this? - CORRECT ANSWER> Random Sampling A study measuring the IQ levels of a group of men, of differing ages, performed on a single day is most likely an example of - CORRECT ANSWER> Cross-Sectional study type of measurement which causes participants to behave differently because they are being watched - CORRECT ANSWER> Observer effect; Hawthorne effect Research study in which medication is not real in one group - CORRECT ANSWER> Placebo effect
Jacob's father tells Jacob to clean his room. When Jacob asks why, his father responds "Because I said So". The father's response is most representative of which parenting style - CORRECT ANSWER> Authoritative Harry Harlow used baby monkeys and several different kinds of "surrogate mothers" to investigate which factors are important in early development and attachment. According to his findings, baby monkeys: - CORRECT ANSWER> Preferred a soft terrycloth "mother" to a wire-mesh "mother" that held a bottle The myth about suicide in the U.S. - CORRECT ANSWER> When you ask a person about suicide may push them over the edge Cody does what his parents tells him so he does not lose tv privileges. What level in Kohlberg's theory of moral development? - CORRECT ANSWER> Preconventional Josie likes to play peek-a-boo with her little brother, Jack. According to Piaget, Jack finds this game fun because he has acquired____________ - which is one of the primary tasks of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development - CORRECT ANSWER> Object Permanence The theorist associated with bonding and attachment - CORRECT ANSWER> Bowlby Henry, a 72-year old widower, reminisces with his daughter about his life. He talks about his successes and regrets. This is an example of Erikson's: - CORRECT ANSWER> Ego Integrity stage When it comes to displaying aggression, girls more often engage in ________ aggression than boys - CORRECT ANSWER> relational Physical characteristics of Down Syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER> Short, stocky build; almond- shaped eyes, and flattened face Which of the following statements is true when considering cultural and familial influences on self-esteem? - CORRECT ANSWER> An authoritative parenting style usually allows children to have especially high self-esteem Research on gay and lesbian parents indicates: - CORRECT ANSWER> they are as dedicated to effective at child rearing as are heterosexual parents
In the Stanford prison study, what caused the guards to treat the prisoners harshly? - CORRECT ANSWER> The social context In the original studies, Milgram and his colleagues found that people were more likely to disobey under all of the following circumstances EXCEPT when - CORRECT ANSWER> the victim was in an adjoining room so the "teacher" heard every sound the victim made In the Stanford prison simulation, ,male college students agreed to participate in an experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. The researchers found that - CORRECT ANSWER> Within a short time the prisoners became distressed and panicky, with accompanying emotional and physical ailments In what ways do stereotypes distort reality - CORRECT ANSWER> Stereotypes exaggerate the differences that exist between groups Jennifer has to choose between spending the evening at home with her parents of spending the evening babysitting her younger sister. Jennifer does no like either of those choices. This situation describes a: - CORRECT ANSWER> Avoidance-avoidance conflict Connie tells each of her clients that the best way she can help them is to attempt to look at the world from the client's point of view. This counselor is taking the __________ perspective - CORRECT ANSWER> emic Working with individuals from different cultures requires that the counselor: - CORRECT ANSWER> have knowledge about the different cultures and have sensitivity to the needs of the individuals A high standard of counseling practice when working with diverse populations involves everything EXCEPT - CORRECT ANSWER> treating all clients the same way When working with individuals from different cultures, the effective counselor may not: - CORRECT ANSWER> maintain good eye contact at all times Client is smart, but procrastinates and puts off writing papers which result in Fs. Therapist helps establish small specific goal and has the client keep a diary of how he is spending his time. What is the method that is used to help his problem: - CORRECT ANSWER> Behavioral Therapy
Horney, Adler, and Jung - CORRECT ANSWER> All three theorists have something in common The withdrawal of reinforcement until the conditioned response no longer occurs is - CORRECT ANSWER> extinction Feud is to ego, id, and superego - CORRECT ANSWER> Berne is to parent, adult, and child Developed by Luft and Ingham, this asserts that there are four parts to the personality: public, private, blind, and unknown self - CORRECT ANSWER> Johari Window Existential Counseling - CORRECT ANSWER> The focus on the meaning of life and the relevance of the individual Popular techniques of this approach are role playing, "empty chair" and making the rounds" - CORRECT ANSWER> Gestalt Examination of the client's memories, "spitting in the client's soup" and "catching oneself" - CORRECT ANSWER> Adlerian In this therapeutic approach, the counselor's emphasis is on being authentic while concentrating on verbal and nonverbal messages - CORRECT ANSWER> Gestalt therapy Paradoxical intention, implosive therapy, and thought stopping are all techniques used by _______________ - CORRECT ANSWER> Psychoanalytic Stress inoculation is a concept introduced by - CORRECT ANSWER> Donald Meichenbaum According to Freud, ___________ is the most important defense mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER> Repression A dog that has been trained to stop and stand at attention when she hears a duck call does not stop and stand at attention when she hears a goose call - CORRECT ANSWER> stimulus discrimination The disadvantage of closed-ended questions is that the client usually fails to: - CORRECT ANSWER> disclose personal information or continue to dialogue with the counselor Rational-emotive behavior therapy follows a five-step system using ABCDE, where D stands for
- CORRECT ANSWER> Disputing irrational belief
The goals of this type of therapy include gaining knowledge about the self and recognizing and integrating the self - CORRECT ANSWER> Jungian In order to elicit a conditioned response, the neutral stimulus that will become the conditioned stimulus must ______________ the unconditioned stimulus - CORRECT ANSWER> Precede In contrast to feeling sorry for the client, the counselor needs to demonstrate - CORRECT ANSWER> empathy In order to facilitate growth in a client, the counselor uses all of the following strategies EXCEPT
- CORRECT ANSWER> abandonment An _______________ schedule of reinforcement is the most difficult to extinguish - CORRECT ANSWER> intermittent The primary distinction between reinforcement and punishment is that reinforcement ___________ the likelihood of the behavior to occur again, while punishment ______________ decreases the likelihood of the behavior to occur again - CORRECT ANSWER> increases;decreases Negative reinforcement increase the behavior by taking away a reinforce - CORRECT ANSWER> Positive reinforcement increases the behavior by adding a reinforcer There are long silences, several members of the group are acting out, and it seems like all the group members are expressing frustration with both the structure of the group and the way the group leader is functioning. Most likely this group is in the ________ state of the group process - CORRECT ANSWER> transition From which perspective are the group goals to enable members to pay close attention to their here- and-now experiences so they can recognize and integrate disowned aspects of themselves - CORRECT ANSWER> Gestalt Advantages of group counseling - CORRECT ANSWER> Cost-effectiveness, opportunities for feedback, and structured practice Bard is very structured. Sets and directs all of the groups goals and activities and hardly ever asks the participants for input. Most likely, Barb has a ______________ style of leadership - CORRECT ANSWER> Laissez-faire
Premature termination of participation in a group usually occurs when an individual is - CORRECT ANSWER> not very motivated Career-oriented, successful ethnic minority women - CORRECT ANSWER> often display unusually high self-efficacy The group that is most affected by the "glass ceiling phenomenon" consists of - CORRECT ANSWER> women who are in careers most often populated by men Which group of students would be likely to seek career counseling - CORRECT ANSWER> Students in high school or middle school; students entering college; students who were taking college prep courses in high school - all of them In dual - career families, the woman typically - CORRECT ANSWER> has an established career before having children Compared with high school students who enter the workforce right after graduation, students who go to college can expect to: - CORRECT ANSWER> Earn about $10,000 more per year Leisure activities are those activities that a professional career counselor - CORRECT ANSWER> may also refer to as avocations Dual-career families engage in leisure time - CORRECT ANSWER> less often than families with one wage earner The role of the professional career counselor involves - CORRECT ANSWER> facilitating self- awareness; teaching decision making skills and teaching employability skills Career choices as expressions of one's personality are to ______________ as career choices as influenced by genetic endowment, environmental factors, and previous learning experiences are to ____________ - CORRECT ANSWER> Holland; Krumboltz One of the main premises of ___________ theory is that individuals choose occupations that will permit them to use their competencies - CORRECT ANSWER> Super's Super describes 4 stages of career development, beginning in adolescence with the ________ stage, in which a person fantasizes and role-plays in order to clarify the emerging self-concept. In the __________ stage the self-concept adjusts to fit the stabilized career choice and the person tries out various options - CORRECT ANSWER> Exploratory; Establishment
All of the following are assumptions of John Holland's theory of career choice - CORRECT ANSWER> Individuals can be categorized into six different personality types; people search for work environments in which their personality types can be expressed without much interference; The behavior of an individual is determined by the interaction between the environment and the person's unique personality characteristics A career counselor who adheres to Holland's theory of career choice may have his clients take the _______ to help determine personality types - CORRECT ANSWER> SDS Postulates of Hoppock's theory - CORRECT ANSWER> Everyone has basic needs - influences occupational choice, people tend to move toward careers that serve their needs, and self-awareness and understanding are the bases upon which a person chooses an occupation Developmentalists of career choices. They believe that early experiences and early development influence career choice. - CORRECT ANSWER> Hoppock and Roe According to Roe, career choice is influenced by - CORRECT ANSWER> genetics, parent-child interactions, and unconscious motivators Gender Bias - CORRECT ANSWER> A man who is studying to be a nurse or a woman who drives a semi truck You are a career counselor who is interested in keeping up with trends in the job market so that you can better assist your clients. One of the best ways to keep up with the trends in the job market is to consult the... - CORRECT ANSWER> OOH A 42-year old woman returns to her career as an HR manager after her children start to attend school all day - CORRECT ANSWER> reentry woman A receptionist at a dental office is not allowed to sing or hum at the office, but when she gets home, she turns on the radio and sings her favorite songs as loudly as she can. This is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER> The compensatory effect The 20th percentile represents - CORRECT ANSWER> the score at or below which 20% of the scores in the distribution fall A test is considered "standardized" if it includes - CORRECT ANSWER> clearly specified procedures for administration, for scoring and normative data
The Rorschach, TAT, and Rotters Incomplete Sentences are all - CORRECT ANSWER> projective tests One of the major criticisms of projective is that they - CORRECT ANSWER> are too subjective A counselor may decide to administer a number of personality tests in order to: - CORRECT ANSWER> better understand the client, predict future performance, and evaluate the outcomes of counseling The key difference between ipsative scales and normative scales is that ipsative scales - CORRECT ANSWER> provide information about an individual client Jennifer took the Geneva Advanced Placement test in mathematics and earned 177 points out of a total of 200 points. This score means that Jennifer did as well or better than - CORRECT ANSWER> 89% of the graduating seniors at her highschool Terry's average score per basketball game is 27 points. This places him sixth among all the forwards in the Midwest. The level of measurement described in this example is - CORRECT ANSWER> ordinal
